Cytochrome P450 oxygenases and their uses

ABSTRACT

Oxygenase enzymes and the use of such enzymes to produce paclitaxel (Taxol(TM)), related taxoids, as well as intermediates in the Taxol biosynthetic pathway are disclosed. Also disclosed are nucleic acid sequences encoding the oxygenase enzymes.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of, and claims the benefit of, co-pending PCT application no. PCT/US003/1254, filed on Nov. 13, 2000, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/165,250, filed on Nov. 12, 1999.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

This invention was made with government support under National Cancer Institute Grant No. CA-55254. The government has certain rights in this invention.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to oxygenase enzymes and methods of using such enzymes to produce Taxol (paclitaxel) and related taxoids.

INTRODUCTION

Cytochrome P450

Cytochrome P450 proteins are enzymes that have a unique sulfur atom ligated to the heme iron and that, when reduced, form carbon monoxide complexes. When complexed to carbon monoxide they display a major absorption peak (Soret band) near 450 nm. There are numerous members of the cytochrome P450 group including enzymes from both plants and animals. Members of the cytochrome P450 group can catalyse reactions such as unspecific monooxygenation, camphor 5-monooxygenation, steroid 1β-monooxygenation, and cholesterol monooxygenation (Smith et al. (eds.), Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oxford University Press, New York, 1997).

Paclitaxel

The complex diterpenoid Taxol (® Bristol-Myers Squibb; common name paclitaxel) (Wani et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93:2325-2327, 1971) is a potent antimitotic agent with excellent activity against a wide range of cancers, including ovarian and breast cancer (Arbuck and Blaylock, Taxol: Science and Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 397-415, 1995; Holmes et al., ACS Symposium Series 583:31-57, 1995). Taxol was isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia). For a number of years, Taxol was obtained exclusively from yew bark, but low yields of this compound from the natural source coupled to the destructive nature of the harvest, prompted new methods of Taxol production to be developed. Taxol currently is produced primarily by semisynthesis from advanced taxane metabolites (Holton et al., Taxol: Science and Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 97-121, 1995) that are present in the needles (a renewable resource) of various Taxus species. However, because of the increasing demand for this drug both for use earlier in the course of cancer intervention and for new therapeutic applications (Goldspiel, Pharmacotherapy 17:110S-125S, 1997), availability and cost remain important issues. Total chemical synthesis of Taxol currently is not economically feasible. Hence, biological production of the drug and its immediate precursors will remain the method of choice for the foreseeable future. Such biological production may rely upon either intact Taxus plants, Taxus cell cultures (Ketchum et al., Biotechnol. Bioeng. 62:97-105, 1999), or, potentially, microbial systems (Stierle et al., J. Nat. Prod. 58:1315-1324, 1995). In all cases, improving the biological production yields of Taxol depends upon a detailed understanding of the biosynthetic pathway, the enzymes catalyzing the sequence of reactions, especially the rate-limiting steps, and the genes encoding these proteins. Isolation of genes encoding enzymes involved in the pathway is a particularly important goal, since overexpression of these genes in a producing organism can be expected to markedly improve yields of the drug.

The Taxol biosynthetic pathway is considered to involve more than 12 distinct steps (Floss and Mocek, Taxol: Science and Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 191-208, 1995; and Croteau et al., Curr. Top. Plant Physiol. 15:94-104, 1996). However, very few of the enzymatic reactions and intermediates of this complex pathway have been defined. The first committed enzyme of the Taxol pathway is taxadiene synthase (Koepp et al., J. Biol. Chem. 270:8686-8690, 1995) that cyclizes the common precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate (Hefner et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 360:62-74, 1998) to taxadiene (FIG. 1). The cyclized intermediate subsequently undergoes modification involving at least eight oxygenation steps, a formal dehydrogenation, an epoxide rearrangement to an oxetane, and several acylations (Floss and Mocek, Taxol: Science and Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 191-208, 1995; and Croteau et al., Curr. Top. Plant Physiol. 15:94-104, 1996). Taxadiene synthase has been isolated from T. brevifolia and characterized (Hezari et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 322:437-444, 1995), the mechanism of action defined (Lin et al., Biochemistry 35:2968-2977, 1996), and the corresponding cDNA clone isolated and expressed (Wildung and Croteau, J. Biol. Chem. 271:9201-9204, 1996).

The second specific step of Taxol biosynthesis is an oxygenation (hydroxylation) reaction catalyzed by taxadiene-5α(x-hydroxylase. The enzyme has been demonstrated in Taxus microsome preparations (Hefner et al., Methods Enzymol. 272:243-250, 1996), shown to catalyze the stereospecific hydroxylation of taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene to taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5α-ol (i.e., with double-bond rearrangement), and characterized as a cytochrome P450 oxygeniase (Hefner et al., Chemistry and Biology 3:479-489, 1996).

Since the first specific oxygenation step of the Taxol pathway was catalyzed by a cytochrome P450 oxygenase, it was logical to assume that subsequent oxygenation (hydroxylation and epoxidation) reactions of the pathway would be carried out by similar cytochrome P450 enzymes. Microsomal preparations (Hefner et al., Methods Enzymol. 272:243-250, 1996) were optimized for this purpose, and shown to catalyze the hydroxylation of taxadiene or taxadien-5α-ol to the level of a pentaol (see FIG. 2 for tentative biosynthetic sequence and structures based on the evaluation of taxane metabolite abundances (Croteau et al., Curr. Topics Plant Physiol. 15:94-104, 1995)), providing evidence for the involvement of at least five distinct cytochrome P450 taxane (taxoid) hydroxylases in this early part of the pathway (Hezari et al., Planta Med. 63:291-295, 1997).

Also, the remaining three oxygenation steps (C1 and C7 hydroxylations and an epoxidation at C4-C20; see FIGS. 1 and 3) likely are catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes, but these reactions reside too far down the pathway to observe in microsomes by current experimental methods (Croteau et al., Curr. Topics Plant Physiol. 15:94-104, 1995; and Hezari et al., Planta Med. 63:291-295, 1997). Since Taxus (yew) plants and cells do not appear to accumulate taxoid metabolites bearing fewer than six oxygen atoms (i.e., hexaol or epoxypentaol) (Kingston et al., Prog. Chem. Org. Nat. Prod. 61:1-206, 1993), such intermediates must be rapidly transformed down the pathway, indicating that the oxygenations (hydroxylations) are relatively slow pathway steps and, thus, important targets for gene cloning.

Isolation of the genes encoding the oxygenases that catalyze the oxygenase steps of Taxol biosynthesis would represent an important advance in efforts to increase Taxol and taxoid yields by genetic engineering and in vitro synthesis.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention stems from the discovery of twenty-one amplicons (regions of DNA amplifier by a pair of primers using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)). These amplicons can be used to identify oxygenases, for example, the oxygenases shown in SEQ ID NOS: 56-68 and 87-92 that are encoded by the nucleic acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOS: 43-55 and 81-86. These sequences are isolated from the Taxus genus, and the respective oxygenases are useful for the synthetic production of Taxol and related taxoids, as well as intermediates within the Taxol biosynthetic pathway, and other taxoid derivatives. The sequences also can be used for the creation of transgenic organisms that either produce the oxygenases for subsequent in vitro use, or produce the oxygenases in vivo so as to alter the level of Taxol and taxoid production within the transgenic organism.

Another aspect of the invention provides the nucleic acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOS: 1-21 and the corresponding amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOS: 22-42, respectively, as well as fragments of these nucleic acid sequences and amino acid sequences. These sequences are useful for isolating the nucleic acid and amino acid sequences corresponding to full-length oxygenases. These amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences are also useful for creating specific binding agents that recognize the corresponding oxygenases.

Accordingly, another aspect of the invention provides for the identification of oxygenases and fragments of oxygenases that have amino acid and nucleic acid sequences that vary from the disclosed sequences. For example, the invention provides oxygenase amino acid sequences that vary by one or more conservative amino acid substitutions, or that share at least 50% sequence identity with the amino acid sequences provided while maintaining oxygenase activity.

The nucleic acid sequences encoding the oxygenases and fragments of the oxygenases that maintain taxoid oxygenase and/or CO binding activity can be cloned, using standard molecular biology techniques, into vectors. These vectors then can be used to transform host cells. Thus, a host cell can be modified to express either increased levels of oxygenase or decreased levels of oxygenase.

Another aspect of the invention provides methods for isolating nucleic acid sequences encoding full-length oxygenases. The methods involve hybridizing at least ten contiguous nucleotides of any of the nucleic acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOS: 1-21, 43-55, and 81-86 to a second nucleic acid sequence, wherein the second nucleic acid sequence encodes a taxoid oxygenase and/or maintains CO binding activity. This method can be practiced in the context of, for example, Northern blots, Southern blots, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Hence, the invention also provides the oxygenases identified by this method.

Yet another aspect of the invention involves methods of adding at least one oxygen atom to at least one taxoid. These methods can be practiced in vivo or in vitro, and can be used to add oxygen atoms to various intermediates in the Taxol biosynthetic pathway, as well as to add oxygen atoms to related taxoids that are not necessarily on a Taxol biosynthetic pathway. These methods include for example, adding oxygen atoms to acylation or glycosylation variants of paclitaxel, baccatin III, or 10-deacetyl-baccatin III. Such variants include, cephalomannine, xylosyl paclitaxel, 10-deactyl paclitaxel, paclitaxel C, 7-xylosyl baccatin III, 2-debenzoyl baccatin III, 7-xylosyl 10-baccatin III and 2-debenzoyl 10-baccatin III.

Yet another aspect of the invention involves methods of contacting the reduced form of any one of the disclosed oxygenases with carbon monoxide and detecting the carbon monoxide/oxygenase complex.

SEQUENCE LISTINGS

The nucleic acid and amino acid sequences listed in the accompanying sequence listing are shown using standard letter abbreviations for nucleotide bases, and three-letter code for amino acids. Only one strand of each nucleic acid sequence is shown, but the complementary strand is understood to be included by any reference to the displayed strand.

SEQ ID NOS: 1-21 are the nucleic acid sequences of the 21 different respective amplicons generated from the mRNA-reverse transcription-PCR.

SEQ ID NOS: 22-42 are the deduced amino acid sequences of the nucleic acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOS: 1-21, respectively.

SEQ ID NOS: 43-55 are the full-length nucleic acid sequences of 13 respective oxygenases.

SEQ ID NOS: 56-68 are the deduced amino acid sequences of the nucleic acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOS: 43-55, respectively.

SEQ ID NOS: 69-72 are the PCR primers used in the RACE protocol.

SEQ ID NOS: 73-80 are PCR primers used to amplify the 21 different amplicons.

SEQ ID NOS: 81-86 are the full-length nucleic acid sequences of 6 respective oxygenases.

SEQ ID NOS: 87-92 are the full-length amino acid sequences of 6 respective oxygenases corresponding to the nucleic acid sequences show in SEQ ID NOS: 81-90, respectively.

SEQ ID NOS: 93 and 94 are PCR primers that were used to clone oxygenases into FastBac-1 vector (Life Technologies).

FIGURES

FIG. 1 shows an outline of early steps of the Taxol biosynthetic pathway illustrating cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to taxadiene by taxadiene synthase (A), hydroxylation and rearrangement of the parent olefin to taxadien-5α-ol by taxadiene 5α-hydroxylase (B), acetylation by taxadienol-O-acetyl transferase (C), and hydroxylation to taxadien-5α-acetoxy-10β-ol by the taxane 10β-hydroxylase (D). The broken arrow indicates several as yet undefined steps.

FIG. 2 shows the proposed sequence for the hydroxylation of taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene to the level of a pentaol based on the relative abundances of naturally occurring taxoids. The reactions are catalyzed by cytochrome P450 oxygenases.

FIG. 3 shows a possible mechanism for the construction of the oxetane ring of Taxol from the 4(20)-ene-5α-acetoxy functional grouping. Cytochrome P450-catalyzed epoxidation of the 4(20)-double bond, followed by intramolecular acetate migration and oxirane ring opening, could furnish the oxetane moiety.

FIG. 4 shows P450-specific forward primers that were used for differential display of mRNA-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (DD-RT-PCR). Eight nondegenerate primers were necessary to cover all possible nucleotide sequences coding for the proline, phenylalanine, glycine (PFG) motif. Anchors were designed by Clontech as components of the kit.

FIGS. 5A and 5D show the relationship between the full-length amino acid sequences of the isolated oxygenases. FIG. 5A is a dendrogram showing peptide sequence relationships between some published, related plant cytochrome P450s and those cloned from T. cuspidata. For the published sequences, the first four letters of each name are genus and species abbreviations, CYP is the abbreviation for cytochrome P450, the following two numbers indicate the P450 family, and any additional letters and numbers refer to the subfamily. Cloned sequences from T. cuspidata are denoted by “f” followed by a number. The genus and species abbreviations are as follows: Lius—Linum usitatissimum; Paar—Parthenium argentatum; Caro—Catharanthus roseus; Some—Solanum melongena; Arth—Arabidopsis thaliana; Hetu—Helianthus tuberosus; Ziel—Zinnia elegans; Poki—Populus kitamkensis; Gima—Glycine max; Phau—Phaseolus aureus; Glec—Glycyrrhiza echinata; Mesa—Medicago sativa; Pisa—Pisum sativum; Pecr—Petroselinum crispum; Zema—Zea mays; Nita—Nicotiana tabacum; Eugr—Eustoma grandiflorum; Getr—Gentiana triflora; Peam—Persea americana; Mepi—Mentha piperita; Thar—Thlaspi arvense; Best—Berberis stolonifera; Soly—Solanum lycopersicum; Sobi—Sorghum bicolor; Potr—Populus tremuloides; Soch—Solanum chacoense; Nera—Nepeta racemosa; Came—Campanula medium; Pehy—Petunia hybrida. FIG. 5B shows a pairwise comparison of certain Taxus cytochrome P450 clones. FIG. 5C is a dendrogram showing the relationships between the full-length peptide sequences of the disclosed proteins. The dendrogram was created using the Clustral Method. The sequence identity data used as the basis of the dendrogram was created using the Sequence Distance function of the Megalign program of the lasergene (Version 99) package from DNAStar™. FIG. 5D is a similarity/identity table. The sequence identity data was generated using the same program as that used for generating the dendrogram shown in FIG. 5C and the similarity data was generated using the Olddistance function of GCG™ (version GCG10).

FIGS. 6A-6E show a reversed-phase HPLC radio-trace illustrating the conversion of [20-³H₂]taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5α-ol to more polar products by yeast transformants expressing Taxus cuspidata P450 genes and mass spectrum results. FIG. 6A shows the HPLC radio-trace of the authentic substrate [20-³H₂]taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5α-ol. FIGS. 6B and 6C show the HPLC radio-trace of the substrate [20-³H₂]taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5α-ol (26.33 min) and more polar products (retention˜15 min) obtained after incubation with yeast transformed with clones F12 (SEQ ID NO: 43) and F9 (SEQ ID NO: 48), respectively. FIGS. 6D and 6E show the mass spectrum of the products (at 15.76 minutes and at 15.32 minutes, respectively) formed during the incubation of taxadien-5α-ol with yeast transformants expressing clones F12 and F9, respectively. Cytochrome P450 clones F14 (SEQ ID NO: 51) and F51 (SEQ. ID NO: 47) behaved similarly in yielding diol products.

FIG. 7 shows a 500 MHz proton NMR spectrum of the taxadien-diol monoacetate in benzene-d₆.

FIG. 8 shows a ¹H detected two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectrum of the unknown taxadien-diol monoacetate.

FIGS. 9A and 9B show a ¹H-¹H two-dimensional homonuclear rotating frame NMR of the diol monoacetate. FIG. 9A is a total correlation spectrum (TOSCY) and FIG. 9B is a rotating frame n.O.e. (ROESY).

FIGS. 10A-10E show slices from the TOCSY spectrum taken along the F2, directly detected, axis.

FIGS. 11A-11E show slices from the ROESY spectrum taken along the F2, directly detected, axis.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Explanations

Host cell: A “host cell” is any cell that is capable of being transformed with a recombinant nucleic acid sequence. For example, bacterial cells, fungal cells, plant cells, insect cells, avian cells, mammalian cells, and amphibian cells.

Taxoid: A “taxoid” is a chemical based on the Taxane ring structure as described in Kingston et al., Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, Springer-Verlag, 1993.

Isolated: An “isolated” biological component (such as a nucleic acid or protein or organelle) is a component that has been substantially separated or purified away from other biological components in the cell of the organism in which the component naturally occurs, i.e., other chromosomal and extra-chromosomal DNA, RNA, proteins, and organelles. Nucleic acids and proteins that have been “isolated” include nucleic acids and proteins purified by standard purification methods. The term also embraces nucleic acids and proteins prepared by recombinant expression in a host cell, as well as chemically synthesized nucleic acids.

Orthologs: An “ortholog” is a gene encoding a protein that displays a function similar to a gene derived from a different species.

Homologs: “Homologs” are multiple nucleotide sequences that share a common ancestral sequence and that diverged when a species carrying that ancestral sequence split into at least two species.

Purified: The term “purified” does not require absolute purity; rather, it is intended as a relative term. Thus, for example, a purified enzyme or nucleic acid preparation is one in which the subject protein or nucleotide, respectively, is at a higher concentration than the protein or nucleotide would be in its natural environment within an organism. For example, a preparation of an enzyme can be considered as purified if the enzyme content in the preparation represents at least 50% of the total protein content of the preparation.

Vector: A “vector” is a nucleic acid molecule as introduced into a host cell, thereby producing a transformed host cell. A vector may include nucleic acid sequences, such as an origin of replication, that permit the vector to replicate in a host cell. A vector may also include one or more screenable markers, selectable markers, or reporter genes and other genetic elements known in the art.

Transformed: A “transformed” cell is a cell into which a nucleic acid molecule has been introduced by molecular biology techniques. As used herein, the term “transformation” encompasses all techniques by which a nucleic acid molecule might be introduced into such a cell, including transfection with a viral vector, transformation with a plasmid vector, and introduction of naked DNA by electroporation, lipofection, and particle-gun acceleration.

DNA construct: The term “DNA construct” is intended to indicate any nucleic acid molecule of cDNA, genomic DNA, synthetic DNA, or RNA origin. The term “construct” is intended to indicate a nucleic acid segment that may be single- or double-stranded, and that may be based on a complete or partial naturally occurring nucleotide sequence encoding one or more of the oxygenase genes of the present invention. It is understood that such nucleotide sequences include intentionally manipulated nucleotide sequences, e.g., subjected to site-directed mutagenesis, and sequences that are degenerate as a result of the genetic code. All degenerate nucleotide sequences are included within the scope of the invention so long as the oxygenase encoded by the nucleotide sequence maintains oxygenase activity as described below.

Recombinant: A “recombinant” nucleic acid is one having a sequence that is not naturally occurring in the organism in which it is expressed, or has a sequence made by an artificial combination of two otherwise-separated, shorter sequences. This artificial combination is accomplished often by chemical synthesis or, more commonly, by the artificial manipulation of isolated segments of nucleic acids, e.g., by genetic engineering techniques. “Recombinant” also is used to describe nucleic acid molecules that have been artificially manipulated, but contain the same control sequences and coding regions that are found in the organism from which the gene was isolated.

Specific binding agent: A “specific binding agent” is an agent that is capable of specifically binding to the oxygenases of the present invention, and may include polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies (including humanized monoclonal antibodies) and fragments of monoclonal antibodies such as Fab, F(ab′)₂, and Fv fragments, as well as any other agent capable of specifically binding to the epitopes on the proteins.

cDNA (complementary DNA): A “cDNA” is a piece of DNA lacking internal, non-coding segments (introns) and regulatory sequences that determine transcription. cDNA is synthesized in the laboratory by reverse transcription from messenger RNA extracted from cells.

ORF (open reading frame): An “ORF” is a series of nucleotide triplets (codons) coding for amino acids without any termination codons. These sequences are usually translatable into respective polypeptides.

Operably linked: A first nucleic acid sequence is “operably linked” with a second nucleic acid sequence whenever the first nucleic acid sequence is placed in a functional relationship with the second nucleic acid sequence. For instance, a promoter is operably linked to a coding sequence if the promoter affects the transcription or expression of the coding sequence. Generally, operably linked DNA sequences are contiguous and, where necessary to join two protein-coding regions, in the same reading frame.

Probes and primers: Nucleic acid probes and primers may readily be prepared based on the amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences provided by this invention. A “probe” comprises an isolated nucleic acid attached to a detectable label or reporter molecule. Typical labels include radioactive isotopes, ligands, chemiluminescent agents, and enzymes. Probes are typically shorter in length than the sequences from which they are derived (i.e., cDNA or gene sequences). For example, the amplicons shown in SEQ ID NOS: 1-21 and fragments thereof can be used as probes. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that probe specificity increases with the length of the probe. For example, a probe can contain less than 800 bp, 700 bp, 600 bp, 500 bp, 400 bp, 300 bp, 200 bp, 100 bp, or 50 bp of constitutive bases of any of the oxygenase encoding sequences disclosed herein. Methods for labeling and guidance in the choice of labels appropriate for various purposes are discussed, e.g., in Sambrook et al. (eds.), Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 2nd ed., vols. 1-3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1989, and Ausubel et al. (eds.) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing and Wiley-Interscience, New York (with periodic updates), 1987.

“Primers” are short nucleic acids, preferably DNA oligonucleotides 10 nucleotides or more in length. A primer may be annealed to a complementary target DNA strand by nucleic acid hybridization to form a hybrid between the primer and the target DNA strand, and then extended along the target DNA strand by a DNA polymerase enzyme. Primer pairs can be used for amplification of a nucleic acid sequence, e.g., by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or other nucleic-acid amplification methods known in the art.

Methods for preparing and using probes and primers are described, for example, in references such as Sambrook et al. (eds.), Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., vols. 1-3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1989; Ausubel et al. (eds.), Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing and Wiley-Interscience, New York (with periodic updates), 1987; and Innis et al., PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Press: San Diego, 1990. PCR primer pairs can be derived from a known sequence, for example, by using computer programs intended for that purpose such as Primer (Version 0.5, © 1991, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Mass.). One of skill in the art will appreciate that the specificity of a particular probe or primer increases with the length of the probe or primer. Thus, for example, a primer comprising 20 consecutive nucleotides will anneal to a target with higher specificity than a corresponding primer of only 15 nucleotides in length. Thus, in order to obtain greater specificity, probes and primers may be selected that comprise, for example, 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50 or more consecutive nucleotides.

Sequence identity: The similarity between two nucleic acid sequences or between two amino acid sequences is expressed in terms of the level of sequence identity shared between the sequences. Sequence identity is typically expressed in terms of percentage identity; the higher the percentage, the more similar the two sequences.

Methods for aligning sequences for comparison are well known in the art. Various programs and alignment algorithms are described in: Smith & Waterman, Adv. Appl. Math. 2:482, 1981; Needleman & Wunsch, J. Mol. Biol. 48:443, 1970; Pearson & Lipman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:2444, 1988; Higgins & Sharp, Gene 73:237-244, 1988; Higgins & Sharp, CABIOS 5:151-153, 1989; Corpet et al., Nucleic Acids Research 16:10881-10890, 1988; Huang, et al., Computer Applications in the Biosciences 8:155-165, 1992; and Pearson et al., Methods in Molecular Biology 24:307-331, 1994. Altschul et al., J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410, 1990, presents a detailed consideration of sequence-alignment methods and homology calculations.

The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST™, Altschul et al. J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410, 1990) is available from several sources, including the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI, Bethesda, Md.) and on the Internet, for use in connection with the sequence-analysis programs blastp, blastn, blastx, tblastn and tblastx. A description of how to determine sequence identity using this program is available on the internet under the help section for BLAST™.

For comparisons of amino acid sequences of greater than about 30 amino acids, the “Blast 2 sequences” function of the BLAST™ program is employed using the default BLOSUM62 matrix set to default parameters, (gap existence cost of 11, and a per residue gap cost of 1). When aligning short peptides (fewer than around 30 amino acids), the alignment should be performed using the Blast 2 sequences function, employing the PAM30 matrix set to default parameters (open gap 9, extension gap 1 penalties). Proteins with even greater similarity to the reference sequences will show increasing percentage identities when assessed by this method, such as at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% sequence identity.

As mentioned above, ‘Sequence identity’ can be determined by using an alignment algorithm such as Blast™ (available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information [NCBI]). A first nucleic acid is “substantially similar” to a second nucleic acid if, when optimally aligned (using the default parameters provided at the NCBI website) with the other nucleic acid (or its complementary strand), there is nucleotide sequence identity in at least about, for example, 50%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95% of the nucleotide bases. Sequence similarity can be determined by comparing the nucleotide sequences of two nucleic acids using the BLAST™ sequence analysis software (blastn) available from NCBI. Such comparisons may be made using the software set to default settings (expect=10, filter=default, descriptions=500 pairwise, alignments=500, alignment view=standard, gap existence cost=11, per residue existence=1, per residue gap cost=0.85). Similarly, a first polypeptide is substantially similar to a second polypeptide if they show sequence identity of at least about 75%-90% or greater when optimally aligned and compared using BLAST software (blastp) using default settings.

Oxygenase activity: Enzymes exhibiting oxygenase activity are capable of directly incorporating oxygen into a substrate molecule. Oxygenases can be either dioxygenases, in which case the oxygenase incorporates two oxygen atoms into the substrate; or, monooxygenases, in which only one oxygen atom is incorporated into the primary substrate to form a hydroxyl or epoxide group. Thus, monooxygenases are referred to sometimes as “hydroxylases.” Taxoid oxygenases are a subset of oxygenases that specifically utilize taxoids as substrates.

Oxygenases: Oxygenases are enzymes that display oxygenase activity as described supra. However, all oxygenases do not recognize the same substrates. Therefore, oxygenase enzyme-activity assays may utilize different substrates depending on the specificity of the particular oxygenase enzyme. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the spectrophotometry-based assay described below is a representative example of a general oxygenase activity assay, and that direct assays can be used to test oxygenase catalysis directed towards different substrates.

II. Characterization of Oxygenases

A. Overview of Experimental Procedures

Biochemical studies have indicated that at least the first five oxygenation steps of the Taxol pathway are catalyzed by cytochrome P450 hydroxylases (the remaining three oxygenations are also likely catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes), and that these are slow steps of the reaction pathway and, thus, important candidates for cDNA isolation for the purpose of over-expression in relevant producing organisms to increase Taxol yields (Croteau et al., Curr. Topics Plant Physiol. 15:94-104, 1995; and Hezari et al., Planta Med. 63:291-295, 1997). Protein purification of cytochrome P450 enzymes from Taxus microsomes (Hefner et al., Methods Enzymol. 272:243-250, 1996), as a basis for cDNA cloning, was not performed because the number of P450 species present, and their known similarity in physical properties (Mihaliak et al., Methods Plant Biochem. 9:261-279, 1993), would almost certainly have prevented bringing the individual proteins to homogeneity for amino acid microsequencing.

Therefore, a strategy based on the differential display of mRNA-reverse transcription-PCR (DD-RT-PCR) was used for isolating transcriptionally active cytochrome P450s in Taxus cells, which previous biochemical studies had shown to undergo substantial up-regulation of the Taxol pathway 16 hours after induction with methyl jasmonate (Hefner et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 360:62-74, 1998). Differential display experimental schemes allow for the identification of mRNA species that are up-regulated in response to certain stimulus. Generally, one set of samples is not treated with the stimulant, and a second set of samples is treated with the stimulant. Subsequently, the mRNA from both groups is isolated and amplified. The mRNA of interest is identified by comparing the mRNA from the stimulated and unstimulated samples. The mRNA that is present only in the stimulated sample appears to represent genes that are activated upon stimulation.

In the experiments described below, mRNA from an untreated cell culture was compared to the mRNA from a culture that had been induced with methyl jasmonate for 16 hours. In order to obtain predominantly induced cytochrome P450 sequences, forward primers were designed based on a conserved proline, phenylalanine, glycine (PFG) motif in plant cytochrome P450 genes. The use of primers directed towards the (PFG) motif in conjunction with the DD-RT-PCR-based strategy revealed roughly 100 differentially expressed species, and the sequences of 100 of these were obtained and analyzed. Of these, 39 represented PCR products containing a cytochrome P450-type sequence. Analysis of these sequences revealed that the C-terminus from 21 different and unique cytochrome P450 genes had been isolated. The 21 nucleic acid sequences amplified (amplicons) and identified as regions encoding oxygenases are shown in SEQ ID NOS: 1-21, respectively.

Twelve amplicons were labeled and used as hybridization probes to screen the methyl jasmonate-induced T. cuspidata cell cDNA library. Screening the T. cuspidata library allowed identification of nine full-length clones. Four additional clones, which were truncated at the 5′-terminus, were obtained in full-length form using a 5′-RACE (Rapid analysis of cDNA ends) method to acquire the missing 5′-sequences. Thus, the initial use of the amplicons, described above, has allowed for the identification of thirteen full-length oxygenases (SEQ ID NOS: 43-55, respectively). Subsequently, various molecular techniques were used to identify an additional 10 full-length cDNAs (SEQ ID NOS: 81-86, respectively) and their corresponding amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOS: 87-92, respectively).

The full-length oxygenase clones identified through the use of the amplicon-based probes can then be cloned into prokaryotic-based and eukaryotic-based expression systems. Once expressed, the functional competence of the resulting oxygenases can be assessed using the spectrophotometric assay described below.

The clones that are found to be active using the spectrophotometric assay are at a minimum useful for detecting carbon monoxide. Additionally, in the examples provided below, several of the full-length oxygenase-encoding sequences are shown to have in situ oxygenase activity towards taxoids when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and baculovirus-Spodoptera cells.

Oxygenases produced by cloned full-length oxygenase-encoding sequences also can be tested for the ability to oxygenate taxoid substrates in vivo. This can be done by feeding taxoid intermediates to transgenic cells expressing the cloned oxygenase-encoding sequences.

B. Cloning of Oxygenases

As described supra, a DD-RT-PCR scheme was used for the isolation of transcriptionally active cytochrome P450s in Taxus cells, which previously had been shown to undergo substantial up-regulation of the Taxol pathway 16 hours after induction with methyl jasmonate (Hefner et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 360:62-74, 1998). Because an increase in the relevant enzyme activities resulted from induction (indicating de novo protein synthesis), mRNA from an untreated cell culture was compared to mRNA from a culture that had been so induced for 16 hours. In order to obtain predominantly induced cytochrome P450 sequences, forward primers were designed based on a conserved motif in plant cytochrome P450 genes. Related strategies have been used with other plants (Schopfer and Ebel, Mol. Gen. Genet. 258:315-322, 1998). The proline, phenylalanine, glycine (PFG) motif is a well-conserved region of the heme-binding domain (Durst and Nelson, “Diversity and evolution of plant P450 and P450 reductase,” in Durst and O'Keefe (eds.). Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions, Freund, UK, 1995, pp. 189-206). The corresponding codons of this region contain only two degenerate positions; thus, a set of only eight non-degenerate primers was necessary to encompass all sequence possibilities (FIG. 4). This PFG motif is located 200-250 bp upstream of the stop codon, and the length of the 3′-untranslated region should range between 100 and 300 bp. Thus, the length of the expected PCR fragments would be in the 300-550 bp range. This DD-RT-PCR-based strategy revealed roughly 100 differentially expressed species, and the sequences of 100 of these were obtained and analyzed. Of these, 39 represented PCR products containing a cytochrome P450-type sequence. Analysis of these sequences revealed that the C-terminus from 21 different and unique cytochrome P450 genes had been isolated. These DNA fragments (12 thus far) are being used as labeled hybridization probes to screen the methyl jasmonate-induced T. cuspidata cell cDNA library. By this means, nine clones have been obtained in full-length form by screening. Four additional clones, which were truncated at the 5′-terminus, were obtained in full-length form using a 5′-RACE (Rapid analysis of cDNA ends) method to acquire the missing 5′-sequences.

C. Sequence Analysis

The full-length oxygenase sequences initially obtained (using 12 partial sequence probes) were compared pairwise. It was shown that a total of 13 unique sequences (showing less than 85% similarity), designated clones F12, F21, F42, F31, F51, F9, F56, F19, F14, F55, F34, F72, and FI0, respectively (SEQ ID NOS: 43-55, respectively) were present. Two of the isolated clones, clone F51 (SEQ ID NO: 47) and clone F9 (SEQ ID NO: 48) were not identical to any of the 21 C-terminal fragments originally found by the DD-RT-PCR cloning strategy, bringing the total number of initially identified unique oxygenase genes, and gene fragments, to 23.

The clones obtained also were compared pairwise to all known plant cytochrome P450 oxygenase sequences in the databases (provided at the NCBI website) (FIGS. 5A and 5B) provide a dendrogram of these relationships and a table of pairwise similarity and identity comparisons).

This analysis revealed that 11 of the Taxus clones sorted into one cytochrome P450 family. This large group of related clones seems to resemble most closely the CYP90, CYP85, and CYP88 cytochrome P450 families. Some members of these families are known to be involved in terpenoid metabolism [e.g., gibberellin (diterpene, C20) and brassinosteroid (triterpene C30) biosynthesis], suggesting that the cytochrome P450 clones obtained from Taxus could be involved in the biosynthesis of the diterpenoid Taxol. Table 1 lists accession numbers of relevant sequences and related information. Outlying clones F10 (SEQ ID NO:55) and F34 (SEQ ID NO: 53) are related more closely to CYP family 82 (phenylpropanoid metabolism) and CYP family 92 (unknown function), respectively.

After the initial 13 full-length clones were identified, six more were isolated. Thus, the total number of full-length oxygenase clones identified is nineteen. A dendrogram showing the relationship of all of the identified oxygenase clones is provided in FIG. 5C. A table providing both the sequence identity and similarity of the clones is provided in FIG. 5D.

TABLE 1 Closest Relatives to Taxus Cytochrome P450 Sequences Family Description Clones That Are Similar CYP90A1 Arabidopsis thaliana GenEMBL X87367 mRNA F9, F12, F14, F19, F21, F31, (1608bp); GenEMBL X87368 gene (4937 bp). F42, F51, F55, F56, and F72 Szekeres et al., “Brassinosteroids rescue the (SEQ ID NOS: 48, 43, 51, 50, deficiency of CYP90, a cytochrome P450, controlling 44, 46, 45, 47, 52, 49, and 54, cell elongation and de-etiolation in Arabidopsis,” Cell respectively) 85:171-182 (1996). CYP85 Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) (also Lycopersicon F9, F12, F14, F19, F21, F31, esculentum) GenEMBL U54770 (1395 bp). Bishop et F42, F51, F55, F56, and F72 al., “The tomato dwarf gene isolated by heterologous (SEQ ID NOS: 48, 43, 51, 50, transposon tagging encodes the first member of a new 44, 46, 45, 47, 52, 49, and 54, family of cytochrome P450,” Plant Cell 8:959-969 respectively) (1996). CYP88A1 Zea mays GenEMBL U32579 (1724 bp). Winkler and F9, F12, F14, F19, F21, F31, Helentjaris, “The maize dwarf3 gene encodes a F42, F51, F55, F56, and F72 cytochrome P450-mediated early step in gibberellin (SEQ ID NOS: 48, 43, 51, 50, biosynthesis,” Plant Cell 7:1307-1317 (1995). 44, 46, 45, 47, 52, 49, and 54, respectively) CYP82A1 Pisum sativum (pea) GenEMBL U29333 (1763 bp). Outlying Clone F10 Frank et al., “Cloning of phenylpropanoid pathway (SEQ ID NO: 55) P450 monooxygenases expressed in Pisum sativum,” unpublished. CYP82A2 Glycine max (soybean) GenEMBL Y10491 (1757 bp). Outlying Clone F34 Schopfer and Ebel, “Identification of elicitor-induced (SEQ ID NO: 53) cytochrome P450s of soybean (Glycine max L.) using differential display of mRNA,” Mol. Gen. Genet. 258:315-322 (1998). CYP92A2 Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) GenEMBL X95342 Outlying Clone F34 (1628bp). Czernic et al., “Characterization of hsr201 (SEQ ID NO: 53) and hsr215, two tobacco genes preferentially expressed during the hypersensitive reaction provoked by phytopathogenic bacteria,” unpublished.

D. Functional Expression

Functional cytochrome P450 expression can be obtained by using the pYeDP60 plasmid in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) engineered to co-express one or the other of a cytochrome P450 reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana; the plant-derived reductase is important for efficient electron transfer to the cytochrome (Pompon et al., Methods Enzymol. 272:51-64, 1999).

Since a functional P450 cytochrome, in the appropriately reduced form, will bind competently to carbon monoxide and give a characteristic CO-difference spectrum (Omura and Sato, J. Biol. Chem. 239:2370-2378, 1964), a spectrophotometric means for assessing, and quantitatively estimating, the presence of functional recombinant cytochrome P450 in transformed yeast cells by in situ (in vivo) measurement was developed. CO-sensor of the 19 full-length cytochrome P450 clones from Taxus, thus far obtained, ten have yielded detectable CO-difference spectra (Table 2). It is expected that cytochrome P450 clones that do not yield reliable expression in S. cerevisiae can be transferred to, expressed in, and confirmed by CO-difference spectrum utilizing alternative prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. These alternative expression systems for cytochrome P450 genes include the yeast Pichiapastoris, for which expression vectors and hosts are commercially available (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.), as well as established E. coli and baculovirus-insect cell systems for which general expression procedures have been described (Barnes, Methods Enzymol. 272:1-14, 1996; Gonzalez et al., Methods Enzymol. 206:93-99, 1991; Lee et al., Methods Enzymol. 272:86-98, 1996; and Lupien et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 368:181-192, 1999).

Clones that prove to be capable of binding to CO are useful at least for detecting CO in various samples. Further testing of the recombinantly expressed clones may prove that they are additionally useful for adding one or more oxygen atoms to taxoid substrates.

E. In vivo Assays of Yeast Cells Expressing Recombinant Oxygenases

1. Use of substrates [20-³H₃]taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene or [20-³H₂]taxa-4(20,11(12)-dien-5α-ol

Transformed yeast cells that functionally express a recombinant cytochrome P450 gene from Taxus (by CO-difference spectrum) can be tested in vivo for their ability to oxygenate (hydroxylate or epoxidize) taxoid substrates fed exogenously to the cells, thereby eliminating the need for microsome isolation for preliminary in vitro assays.

Accordingly, several clones of the available full-length clones were expressed in induced yeast host cells. These cells were fed [20-³H₃]taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene or [20-³H₂]taxa-4(20,11(12)-dien-5α-ol in separate incubations and compared to untransformed controls similarly fed (and that were shown to be inactive with taxoid substrates). The extracts resulting from these incubations were analyzed by radio-HPLC, and the clones that yielded a product are shown below in Table 2.

Representative HPLC traces are shown in FIGS. 6A-6C. Representative GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analyses of the products from an incubation are shown in FIGS. 6D and 6E. The results shown in FIGS. 6A-6E confirm that two distinctly different taxadien-diols derived from taxadien-5α-ol were formed, one yielding the expected parent ion at P⁺=m/z 304, and the other less stable to the conditions of the analysis in losing water readily to yield the highest mass ion at m/z 286 (P⁺—H₂O).

2. Use of substrate [20-³H₂]taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5α-yl acetate

Transformed yeast cells that functionally express a recombinant cytochrome P450 gene from Taxus (by CO-difference spectrum) were tested in vivo for their ability to oxygenate (hydroxylate or epoxidize) taxoid substrates fed exogenously, thereby eliminating the need for microsome isolation for such a preliminary in vitro assay. The clones indicated in Table 2, below, were induced in yeast host cells that were fed [20-³H₂]taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5α-yl acetate in separate incubations and compared to untransformed controls similarly fed (and that were shown to be inactive with taxoid substrates). The ether extracts resulting from these incubations were analyzed by radio-HPLC. Several clones converted the taxadienyl-5α-yl acetate substrate to a more polar product.

TABLE 2 Full-length Probe name CO product name (SEQ ID (SEQ ID NO: diff. identified NO: nt/aa) nt/aa) spec. assayed with HPLC peak F12 aa1 + Taxadiene No * 43/56 11/32 Taxadien5αol ++ Taxadienyl Ac ++ F21 cb1 + Taxadiene No * 44/57 10/31 Taxadien5αol + Taxadienyl Ac No F31 ab2 + Taxadiene No * 46/59  1/22 Taxadien5αol No Taxadienyl Ac No F42 ai2 − Taxadiene No * 45/58  5/26 Taxadien5αol No F51 Lib. Screen + Taxadiene No * 47/60 Taxadien5αol ++ Taxadienyl Ac ++ F72 cm2 + Taxadiene No * 54/67 19/40 Taxadien5αol + Taxadienyl Ac + F82 dl1 − Taxadiene No   81/87 20/41 Taxadien5αol + Taxadienyl Ac ++ F9  Lib. Screen + Taxadiene No * 48/61 Taxadien5αol + Taxadienyl Ac +/− F56 el2 − Taxadiene No * 49/62  8/29 Taxadien5αol No F14 ea1 +++ Taxadiene No * 51/64 13/34 Taxadien5αol ++ Taxadienyl Ac ++ F19 ds1 − Taxadiene No * 50/63 14/35 Taxadien5αol No F55 cf2 − Taxadiene No * 52/65  6/27 Taxadien5αol No F16 ae1 +++ Taxadiene No   82/88  2/23 Taxadien5αol ++ Taxadienyl Ac ++ F7  cj1 − Taxadiene No   83/89  7/28 Taxadien5αol ++ Taxadienyl Ac ++ F23 di1 − Taxadiene No   84/90 15/36 Taxadien5αol No F10 ba1 + Taxadiene No * 55/68 17/38 Taxadien5αol No F34 du1 ++ Taxadiene No * 53/66 Taxadien5αol No F15 df 12/33   85/91 F38 ad6   86/92 16/37

Additional testing of the clone F14 (SEQ ID NO: 64) metabolite was conducted. The metabolite isolated by HPLC was subjected to GC-MS analysis and shown to possess a retention time (compared to the starting material) and mass spectrum that were consistent with respective data obtained from a taxadien-diol monoacetate [the parent ion (P⁺) was observed at m/z 346 (taxadienyl acetate (MW =330) plus O) with diagnostic ions at m/z 328 (P⁺—H₂O), 313 (P⁺—H₂O—CH₃), 286 (P⁺—CH₃COOH), 271 (P⁺—CH₃COOH—CH₃), 268 (P⁺—CH₃COOH—H₂O) and 253 (P⁺—CH₃COOH—CH₃—H₂O)].

Preparative-scale incubations of the transformed yeast harboring clone F14 (SEQ ID NO: 51), with the taxadien-5α-yl acetate substrate, yielded the HPLC-based isolation of about 100 μg of the unknown diol monoacetate (>97% purity by GC) for NMR analysis. Since all of the ¹H resonances of taxadien-4(20),11(12)-dien-5α-ol (and of the acetate ester) had been assigned previously (Hefner et al., Chem. and Biol. 3:479-489, 1996), elucidation of the structure of the unknown diol monoacetate was accomplished by ¹H detection experiments (sample-size-limited direct ¹³C measurements).

The ¹H-NMR spectrum is illustrated in FIG. 7, and Table 3, below, lists the complete ¹H assignments along with their respective one-carbon correlated ¹³C assignments as determined indirectly from heteronuclear single quantum coherence HSQC; FIG. 8). The assignments are consistent with those of other known taxadien monool and diol derivatives. For example, chemical shifts for C5 (δ 75.9, C5; δ 5.47, H5) and C10 (δ 67.2, C10; δ 4.9 H10) are assigned as oxy-methines. The shifts for C20 (δ 111.6, C20; δ 5.07, H20, exo; δ 4.67, H20, endo) are consistent with the exocyclic methylene observed in other taxa-4(20),11(12)-dienes. Other characteristic shifts are observed for H7α (δ 1.84), H19 methyl (δ 0.56), H3 (δ 2.84), and the gem-dimethyls H16 (δ 1.14, exo) and H17 (δ 1.59, endo).

TABLE 3 Complete ¹H-NMR assignments and one-bond correlated ¹³C assignments (as measured indirectly from HSQC) for the biosynthetic product derived from taxadien-5α-yl acetate by the cytochrome P450 expressed from clone F14. For position numbering, see FIG. 1. Position Carbon α-proton β-proton number (δ) (δ) (δ)  1 43.9 1.59  2 28 1.47 1.53  3 35.9 2.84  4  5 75.9 5.47  6 27.9 1.66 1.55  7 33.6 1.94 0.9  8  9 47.6 1.42 2.21 10 67.2 4.9 11 12 13 30.3 1.8 2.26 14 22.7 1.26 1.96 15 16 31.8 1.14 (exo) 17 25.3 1.59 (endo) 18 20.7 1.71 19 21.4 0.66 20 111.6 5.07 (exo) 4.67 (endo) 21 (acetate) 21 1.66

The 2D-TOCSY spectra (FIGS. 9A and 10) complemented the HSQC data and permitted additional regiochemical assignments. The H5 proton (δ 5.47) (FIGS. 10A and 10E) was correlated strongly with H6 (δ 1.66, δ 1.55) and H7 (δ 1.94, δ 0.9) protons but had no appreciable coupling to either of the H20 signals (δ 5.07, δ 4.67) or to H3 (δ 2.84), which is a common feature observed with taxadiene derivatives. The spin system defined in part by H3 (δ 2.84), H2 (δ 1.47 and δ 1.53), H1(δ 1.59), H13 (δ 1.80, δ 2.26), and H14 (δ 1.26, δ 1.96) was apparent in FIGS. 10C and 10E. The H18 allylic methyl (δ 1.71) also displayed a weak correlation with H13. In contrast to the extended spin correlations noted in FIG. 10D, the H9 (δ 1.42, δ 2.21) and H10 (δ 4.9) signals formed an isolated spin system (see FIG. 10B), which included the H10 hydroxyl (δ 0.85). A correlation also was observed between the two gem-dimethyl signals (δ 1.14 and δ 1.59), which was consistent with the spectra of other taxadiene derivatives.

¹H—¹H ROESY (Rotational nuclear Overhauser Effect SpectroscopY) is useful for determining which signals arise from protons which are close in space but not closely connected by chemical bonds. Therefore, 2D-ROESY spectra (FIGS. 9B and 11) were used to confirm the regiochemical assignments and to assess relative stereochemistry (Several of these n.O.e correlations are listed in Table 4). ¹H—¹H TOCSY (TOtal Correlated SpectroscopY) is useful for determining which signals arise from protons within a spin system, especially when the multiplets overlap or there is extensive second order coupling. The 2D-TOCSY (total correlation spectrum) described herein, showed that a second heteroatom was introduced into the C9-C 10 fragment, but the regiochemistry was ambiguous based on this single measurement. The 2D-ROESY confirmed that oxidation had occurred at C10 and placed the C10 hydroxyl in the P-orientation. This assignment also was supported by an observed n.O.e between the H10 proton (δ 4.90) (FIG. 11B) and the allylic methyl, H18 (δ 1.71), which is consistent with an α-configuration for H10. Additional stereochemical assignments were made by noting correlations between H9β (δ 2.21) and the H17 methyl which must be endo (δ 1.59) (FIG. 11E), the H19 methyl (δ 0.56) which is β-oriented, and the H2β-proton (δ 1.53). The other H9 signal (δ 1.42) correlated with H19 and the H7β-proton (δ 0.90), as well as H10 (δ 4.90) (FIGS. 11D and 11B). It also was noted that ³J_(HH) was large (11.7 Hz) between the H9β- and H10α-protons, consistent with a nearly axial arrangement for this pair; a smaller coupling (5.3 Hz) between H9α and H10 was consistent with an equatorial configuration between these two protons.

ROESY spectroscopy also was used to confirm the stereochemistry at H5. Moderately strong correlations were seen between H5 (δ 5.47) (see Table 4 and FIG. 11A) and both C6 signals (δ 1.66, δ 1.55), consistent with an equatorial orientation for H5. The ³J_(HH) coupling was quite small (<3 Hz) between H5 and all other scalar-coupled partners, providing further evidence for the adopted equatorial orientation of H5. A moderately strong n.O.e between H5 and H20exo was noted, but there were no n.O.e correlations observed between H5 and other protons on the α-face of the molecule. These results confirmed that H5 was β-configured and that the acetate group was α-oriented as in the substrate. One other significant structural motif in taxadiene derivatives was the near occlusion of the H3 proton on the α-face due to the unusual folding of the molecule, thereby making the H3 proton (δ 2.84) a useful probe for this face. Indeed, n.O.e correlations were observed between H3, H10, H13α, and the allylic methyl H18 (Table 4 below, and FIG. 11C).

TABLE 4 n. O. e. Correlations Proton n. O. e. correlations H3 alpha 10 (w) 13-a (m) 18 (w) H5 beta 20-exo (m) 6-ab (m) H7 beta 19 (w) 9-a (m) 6-ab (m) 7-a (s) H7 alpha 7-b (s) 3 (m) 10 (m) 21 (w) ? H9 alpha 9-b (s) 7-b (m-w) 19 (w) 9-a (m) OH (w) H9 beta 17 (m) 9-a (s) 2-b (w) 19 (w) H10 alpha 7-a (m) 18 (m) 9-a (m) 19-b (w) OH (w) H13 beta 14-b (m) 13-a (s) 18 (vw) 16-exo (m) H14 alpha 3 (w) 14-b (s) 13-a (m) H14 beta 14-a (s) 16-exo (m) 1 (m) 13-b (m) H16 exo 17-endo (m) 3-b (m) 14-b (m-w) 1 (w) H19 beta 20-endo (w) 20-exo (w) 7-b (m) 9-ab (m) 2-b (s) 6-b (m) H20 endo 20-exo (s) 3 (w) 2-a (s) 19 (w) H20 exo 20-endo (m) 5 (m)

This full assignment of the structure confirms the identity of the biosynthetic product as taxa-4(5),11(12)-dien-5α-acetoxy-10β-ol, and indicates that a cDNA encoding the cytochrome P450 taxane 10β-hydroxylase has been isolated. This 1494-bp cDNA (SEQ ID NO:51) translates a 497 residue deduced protein of molecular weight 56,690 that bears a typical N-terminal membrane anchor (Brown et al., J. Biol. Chem. 264:4442-4449, 1989), with a hydrophobic insertion segment (Nelson et al., J. Biol. Chem. 263:6038-6050, 1988) and a stop-transfer signal (Sakaguchi et al. EMBO J. 6:2425-2431, 1987). The protein possesses all the conserved motifs anticipated for cytochrome P450 oxygenases, including the oxygen-binding domain (Shimada et al., in Bunabiki (ed.) Oxygenases and Model Systems, Kluwer, Boston, Mass., pp. 195-221, 1997) and the highly conserved heme-binding motif (Durst et al., Drug Metab. Drug Interact. 12:189-206, 1995; and von Wachenfeldt et al., in Ortiz de Montellano (ed.), Cytochrome P450: Structure, to Mechanism, and Biochemistry, Plenum, New York, N.Y., pp. 183-223, 1995) with PFG element (aa 435-437).

F. In Vitro Assays of Isolated Enzymes for Taxoid Oxygenase Activity

The standard enzyme assay for assessing oxygenase activity of the recombinant cytochrome P450 employed the following conditions: 25 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.5, 400 μM NADPH, 300 μg protein and 30 μM substrate (taxadiene, taxadienol, or taxadienyl acetate) in a total volume of 1 mL. Samples were incubated at 32° C. for 12 hours, after which 1 mL of saturated NaCl solution was added to the reaction mixture, followed by extraction of the product with 2 mL of hexane/ethyl acetate (4:1, v/v). The extracts were dried and dissolved in acetonitrile for product analysis by radio-HPLC [column: Alltech Econosil C18 5 μm particle size (250mm×4.6 mm): solvent system A: 0.01% (v/v) H₃PO₄, 2% acetonitrile, 97.99% H₂O; solvent system B: 0.01% H₃PO₄, 99.99 acetonitrile; gradient: 0-5 minutes, 100% A; 5-15 minutes, 0-50% B; 15-55 minutes, 50-100% B; 55-65 minutes, 100% B; 65-70 minutes, 0-100% A; 70-75 minutes, 100% A; flow rate 1 mL/minute; for detection, a radio-chromatography detector (Flow-One®-Beta Series A-100, Radiomatic) was used].

Of the three test substrates (A, B, C), taxadiene was not converted detectably to an oxygenated product by recombinant cytochrome P450 clone F16 (SEQ ID NO: 93). Of the 5α-ol derivatives, taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5α-ol was converted most efficiently to a diol product as determined by GC-MS analysis (parent ion indicating a MW of 304). Preparative incubations with taxadienol allowed the generation of ˜100 μg of the diol product that was purified by a combination of reversed phase HPLC, as described above, and normal phase TLC (silica gel with toluene/acetone (3:1, v/v)) in preparation for structural determination by ¹H— and ¹³C—NMR annalysis (500 MHz). Comparison of spectra to those of authentic taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5α-ol (Hefner et al., Chem. Biol. 3:479-489, 1996) indicated that the product of the clone F16 (SEQ ID NO: 93) cytochrome P450 oxygenase reaction is taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5α,9α-diol. These results indicated that clone F16 (SEQ ID NO: 16) encodes a cytochrome P450 taxane 9α-hydroxylase, likely representing the third regiospecific hydroxylation step of the Taxol biosynthetic pathway.

Additionally, biochemical studies can be done to determine which diol resides on the Taxol pathway (i.e., the gene encoding the next pathway step suspected to be responsible for C10 hydroxylation), and to determine which activities (and genes) reside further down the pathway (catalyzing formation of triol, tetraol, pentaol, etc.) but that yield a cytochrome P450 oxygenase capable of catalyzing the hydroxylation of taxadien-5α-ol as an adventitious substrate. Other expression systems also can be tested to obtain functional expression of the remaining clones, and all functional clones are being tested with other taxoid substrates.

It is notable that some of the clones that are capable of transforming taxoid intermediates are from the same, closely related family (see placement of clones F9, F12, F14, and F51 (SEQ ID NOS: 61, 56, 64, and 60) in the dendrogram of FIG. 5(A)). Outlying clone 34, although it yielded a reliable CO-difference spectrum (confirming a functional cytochrome P450 and its utility for detecting CO), does not transform the taxoid substrates to oxygenated products. However, this clone when expressed in a different expression system may prove to be active against other taxoid substrates.

III. Other Oxygenases of the Taxol Pathway

The protocol described above yielded 21 related amplicons. Initial use of twelve amplicons as probes for screening the cDNA library allowed for the isolation and characterization of thirteen oxygenase-encoding DNA sequences. Subsequently, additional full-length enzymes were isolated. Several of these full-length sequences were expressed recombinantly and tested in situ, and ten were shown to be capable of binding CO, and, therefore, to be useful for detecting CO (Table 2). Additionally, nine clones were shown to be capable of hydroxylating taxoid substrates in vivo (Table 2).

There are at least five distinct oxygenases in the Taxol biosynthetic pathway (Hezari et al., Planta Med. 63:291-295, 1997), and the close relationship between the nucleic acid sequences of the 21 amplicons indicates that the remaining amplicon sequences represent partial nucleic acid sequences of the other oxygenases in the Taxol biosynthetic pathway. Hence, the above-described protocol enables the identification and recombinant production of oxygenases corresponding to the full-length versions of the 21 amplicon sequences provided. Therefore, the following discussion relating to Taxol oxygenases refers to the full-length oxygenases shown in the respective sequence listings, as well as the remaining oxygenases of the Taxol biosynthetic pathway that are identifiable through the use of the amplicon sequences. Furthermore, one of skill in the art will appreciate that the remaining oxygenases can be tested easily for enzymatic activity using “functional assays” such as the spectrophotometric assay described below, and direct assays for catalysis with the appropriate taxoid substrates.

IV. Isolating Oxygenases of the Taxol Biosynthetic Pathway

A. Cell Culture

Initiation, propagation, and induction of Taxus sp. cell cultures have been previously described (Hefner et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 360:62-75, 1998). Enzymes and reagents were obtained from United States Biochemical Corp. (Cleveland, Ohio), Gibco BRL (Grand Island, N.Y.), Promega (Madison, Wis.) and New England BioLabs, Inc. (Beverly, Miss.), and were used according to the manufacturers' instructions. Chemicals were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, Mo.).

B. Vectors and DNA Manipulation

Unless otherwise stated, all routine DNA manipulations and cloning were performed by standard methods (Sambrook et al. (eds.). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 2nd ed., vols. 1-3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1989). PCR amplifications were performed by established procedures (Innis et al., PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Press, New York, 1990). DNA was sequenced using Amplitaq™ DNA polymerase (Roche, Somerville, N.J.) and fluorescence cycle sequencing on an Applied Biosystems Inc. Prism™ 373 DNA Sequencer (Perkin-Elmer, Norwalk, Conn.). The Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression vector pYeDP60 was as described previously (Pompon et al., Methods Enzymol. 272:51-64, 1996).

C. E. coli and Yeast Strains

The E. coli strains XLI-Blue MRF′ (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.) and TOP10F′ (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.), were used for routine cloning and for cloning PCR products, respectively. The yeast strains used for expression each expressed one of two different Arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome P450 reductases, and were designated WAT11 and WAT21, respectively (Pompon et al., Methods Enzymol. 272:51-64, 1996).

D. cDNA Library Construction

A cDNA library was prepared from mRNA isolated from T. cuspidata suspension cell cultures, which had been induced to maximal Taxol production with methyl jasmonate for 16 hours. Isolation of total RNA from 1.5 g T. cuspidata cells was developed empirically using a buffer containing 4 M guanidine thiocyanate, 25 mM EDTA, 14 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, and 100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5. Cells were homogenized on ice using a polytron (VWR Scientific, Salt Lake City, Utah) (4×15 second bursts at setting 7). The homogenate was adjusted to 2% (v/v) Triton X-100 and allowed to stand 15 minutes on ice, after which an equal volume of 3 M sodium acetate, pH 6.0 was added. After mixing, the solution was incubated on ice for an additional 15 minutes, followed by centrifugation at 15,000 g for 30 minutes at 4° C. The supernatant was mixed with 0.8 volume of isopropanol and left to stand on ice for 5 minutes. After centrifugation at 15,000 g for 30 minutes at 4° C., the resulting pellet was redissolved in 8 mL 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, containing 1 mM EDTA, then adjusted to pH 7.0 by addition of 2 mL 2 M NaCl in 250 mM MOPS; buffer at pH 7.0. Total RNA was recovered by passing this solution over a nucleic-acid-isolation column (Qiagen, Valencia, Calif.) following the manufacturer's instructions. Poly(A)⁺ RNA was purified by using the Oligotex™ mRNA kit following the manufacturer's instructions (Qiagen, Valencia, Calif.). Messenger RNA prepared in this fashion was used to construct a library using a λZAPII™-cDNA synthesis kit and ZAP-cDNA gigapack III™ gold packaging kit (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.) following the manufacturer's instructions. The isolated mRNA also was used to construct a RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends) library using a Marathon cDNA amplification kit (Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif.).

E. Differential Display of mRNA

Differential display of mRNA was performed using the Delta Differential Display Kit (Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif.) by following the manufacturer's instructions except were noted. Total RNA was isolated as described above from two different Taxus cuspidata suspension cell cultures, one that had been induced with methyl jasmonate 16 hours before RNA isolation and the other that had not been treated (i.e., uninduced). Cytochrome P450-specific forward primers (FIG. 4), instead of random primers, were used in combination with reverse-anchor-(dT)9N-1N-1 primers (where N−1=A, G, or C) provided in the kit. The anchor designed by Clontech was added to each P450-specific primer to increase the annealing temperature after the fourth low-stringency PCR cycle; this led to a significant reduction of the background signal. Each cytochrome P450-specific primer was used with the three anchored oligo(dT) primers terminated by each nucleotide. PCR reactions were performed with a RoboCycler™ 96 Temperature Cycler (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.), using one cycle at 94° C. for 5 minutes, 40° C. for 5 minutes, 68° C. for 5 minutes, followed by three cycles at 94° C. for 30 seconds, 40° C. for 30 seconds, 68° C. for 5 minutes, and 32 cycles at 94° C. for 20 seconds, 60° C. for 30 seconds, a 68° C. for 2 minutes. Finally, the reactions were heated at 68° C. for 7 minutes. The resulting amplicons were separated on a 6% denaturing polyacrylamide gel (HR-100, Genomyx Corporation, Foster City, Calif.) using the LR DNA Sequencer Electrophoresis System (Genomyx Corporation).

Differential display bands of interest were cut from the dried gel, eluted with 100 mL of 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, containing 1 mM EDTA, by incubation overnight at 4° C. A 5-mL aliquot of the extract was used to re-amplify the cDNA fragment by PCR using the same primers as in the original amplification. The reactions initially were heated to 94° C. for 2 minutes, then subjected to 30 cycles at 94° C. for 1 minute, 60° C. for 1 minute, and 68° C. for 2 minutes. Finally, to facilitate cloning of the PCR product, the reactions were heated at 68° C. for 7 minutes. Amplicons were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis as before. Bands were excised from the gel and the DNA was extracted from the agarose. This gel-purified cDNA was then transferred into the T/A cloning vector pCR2.1-TOPO (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.).

The DD-RT-PCR-based screening revealed about 100 clearly differentially expressed bands, all of which were sequenced and analyzed. Of these, 39 represented PCR products containing cytochrome P450-like sequences. The nucleotide and deduced peptide sequences of these 39 amplicons were compiled using the GCG fragment assembly programs and the sequence-alignment program “Pileup” (Genetics Computer Group, Program Manual for the Wisconsin Package, Version 9, Genetics Computer Group, 575 Science Drive, Madison, Wis., 1994). This comparison of cloned sequences revealed that C-terminal fragments from 21 different cytochrome P450 genes had been isolated. These cytochrome P450 sequences were used to prepare hybridization probes in order to isolate the corresponding fill-length clones by screening the cDNA library.

F. cDNA Library Screening

Initially, 12 probes (SEQ ID NOS: 11, 10, 1, 5, 4, 19, 8, 17, 13, 14, 21, and 6, respectively) were labeled randomly using the Ready-To-Go™ kit (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, N.J.) following the manufacturer's instructions. Plaque lifts of the T. cuspidata phage library were made on nylon membranes and were screened using a mixture of two radiolabeled probes. Phage DNA was cross-linked to the nylon membranes by autoclaving on fast cycle for 3 minutes at 120° C. After cooling, the membranes were washed for 5 minutes in 2×SSC (sodium citrate buffer). Prehybridization was performed for 1 to 2 hours at 65° C. in 6×SSC, containing 0.5% SDS, and 5×Denhardt's reagent. Hybridization was performed in the same buffer for 20 hours at 65° C. The nylon membranes were washed twice for 5 minutes each in 2×SSC with 0.1% SDS at room temperature, and twice for 1 hour each in 1×SSC with 0.1% SDS at 65° C. After washing, the membranes were exposed for 17 hours onto Kodak (Rochester, N.Y.) XAR™ film at −70° C. Positive plaques were purified through one additional round of hybridization. Purified λZAPII clones were excised in vivo as pBluescript II SK(+) phagemids (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.) and transformed into E. coil SOLR cells. The size of each cDNA insert was determined by PCR using T3 and T7 promoter primers. Inserts (>1.6 kb; of a size necessary to encode a typical cytochrome P450 of 50-60 kDa) were sequenced and sorted into groups based on sequence similarity/identity using the GCG fragment assembly programs (Genetics Computer Group, Program Manual for the Wisconsin Package, Version 9, Genetics Computer Group, 575 Science Drive, Madison, Wis., 1994). Each unique sequence was used as a query in database searching using either BLAST or FASTA programs (Genetics Computer Group, Program Manual for the Wisconsin Package, Version 9, Genetics Computer Group, 575 Science Drive, Madison, Wis., 1994), to define sequences with significant homology to plant cytochrome P450 sequences. These clones also were compared pairwise at both the nucleic acid and amino acid levels using the “Pileup” and “Gap” programs (Genetics Computer Group, Program Manual for the Wisconsin Package, Version 9, Genetics Computer Group, 575 Science Drive, Madison, Wis., 1994).

G. Generation of Full-Length Clones by 5′-RACE

Of the 13 clones initially examined, full-length sequences of nine were obtained by screening of the T. cuspidata λ-phage library with the corresponding probes (clones F12, F21, F31, F42, F51, F72, F9, F56, and F10, respectively (SEQ ID NOS: 43, 44, 46, 45, 47, 54, 48, 49, and 55, respectively)). To obtain the 5′-sequence portions of the other four truncated clones F14, F19, F34, and F55 (SEQ ID NOS: 51, 50, 53 and 52, respectively), 5′-RACE was performed using the Marathon cDNA amplification kit (Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The reverse primers used were: for F 14, 5′-TCGGTGATTGTAACGGAAGAGC-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 69); for F19, 5′-CTGGCTTTTCCAACGGAGCAT-GAG-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 70); for F34, 5′-ATTGTTTCTCAGCCCGCGCAGTATG-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 71); for F55, 5′-TCGGT-TTCTATGACGGAAGAGATG-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 72). Using the defined 5′-sequences thus acquired, and the previously obtained 3′-sequence information, primers corresponding to these terminal regions were designed and the full-length versions of each clone were obtained by amplification with Pfu polymerase (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.) using library cDNA as target. These primers also were designed to contain nucleotide sequences encoding restriction sites that were used to facilitate cloning into the yeast expression vector.

H. cDNA Expression of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Yeast

Appropriate restriction sites were introduced by standard PCR methods (Innis et al., PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif., 1990) immediately upstream of the ATG start codon and downstream of the stop codon of all full-length cytochrome P450 clones. These modified amplicons were gel-purified, digested with the corresponding restriction enzymes, and then ligated into the expression vector pYeDP60. The vector/insert junctions were sequenced to ensure that no errors had been introduced by the PCR construction. Verified clones were transformed into yeast using the lithium acetate method (Ito et al., J. Bacteriol. 153:163-168, 1983). Isolated transformants were grown to stationary phase in SGI medium (Pompon et al., Methods Enzymol. 272:51-64, 1996), and used as inocula for a large-scale expression culture grown in YPL medium (Pompon et al., Methods Enzymol. 272:51-64, 1996). Approximately 24 hours after induction of cytochrome P450 expression with galactose (to 10% final concentration), a portion of the yeast cell culture was harvested by centrifugation. One-half of the culture was treated with carbon monoxide, and the cytochrome P450 CO-difference spectrum was recorded directly (using untreated cells as a control) by spectrophotometry (Omura and Sato, J. Biol. Chem. 239:2370-2378, 1964).

This direct, in situ method for demonstrating the presence of fumctional, recombinant cytochrome P450, and for estimating the quantity of the competent enzyme, also can be applied to other expression systems, including E. coli, Pichia pastoris, insect cells (as described below), and Spodoptera fugiderda cells. Of the 13 full-length clones obtained so far, eight exhibit a detectable CO-difference spectrum when the recombinant cytochrome P450 gene product is expressed in this yeast system and assayed by this in situ method.

I. cDNA Expression of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Insect Cells

As mentioned above, insect cell expression systems, such as the baculovirus-Spodoptera system described below, can be used to express the oxygenases described herein.

For example, the functional identification of the Taxus cuspidata cytochrome P450 clone F16 was accomplished using the baculovirus-Spodoptera expression system. (The use of this system for the heterologous expression of cytochrome P450 genes has been described previously (Asseffa et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 274:481-490, 1989; Gonzalez et al., Methods Enzymol. 206:93-99, 1991; and Kraus et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:2071-2075, 1995)). For the heterologous expression of clone F16 in Spodoptera fugiperda Sf9 cells with the Autographa californica baculovirus expression system, the F16 cytochrome P450 open reading frame (orf) was amplified by PCR using the F16-pYEDP60 construct as a template. For PCR, two gene-specific primers were designed that contained, for the purpose of subcloning the F16 orf into the FastBac-1 vector (Life Technologies), a BamHI and a NotI restriction site (forward primer 5′-gggatccATGGCCCTTAAGCAATTGGAAGTTTC-3′ (SEQ ID NO:93); reverse primer 5′-ggcggccgcTTAAGATCTGGAATAGAGTTTAATGG-3′ (SEQ ID NO:94)). The gel-purified PCR product so obtained was subcloned into the pCR-Blunt vector (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.). From the derived recombinant pCR-Blunt vector, the subcloned cytochrome P450 orf was excised using the added restriction sites, and the obtained DNA fragment was ligated into the BamHI/NotI-digested pFastBac1 vector (Life Technologies, Grand Island, N.Y.). The sequence and the correct insertion of clone F16 into the pFastBac1 vector were confinned by sequencing of the insert. The pFastBac/F16orf construct was then used for the preparation of the recombinant Bacmid DNA by transformation of the Escherichia coli strain DH10Bac (Life Technologies). Construction of the recombinant Bacmid DNA and the transfection of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells were done according to the manufacturer's protocol.

The Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell cultures were propagated either as adherent monolayer cultures in Grace insect cell culture medium (Life Technologies) supplemented with 10% FCS (Life Technologies) or as suspension cultures in Grace medium containing 10% FCS and 0.1% Pluronic F-68 (Sigman, St. Louis, Mo.). The adherent cell cultures were maintained in a chamber at 28° C. The suspension cultures were incubated in a shaker at 28° C. at 140 rpm. The adherent cell cultures were grown in T25 tissue culture flasks (Nalgene Nuc, Rochester, N.Y.) with passage of one-third to one-half of the culture every 2 to 3 days. For heterologous protein production, the cultures were grown as suspensions. The cells from two tissue culture flasks (80-90% confluent) were added to 50 mL of standard suspension insect culture medium in a 100 mL conical flask, and were incubated as above until a cell density of ˜2×10⁶ cells/mL was reached. The cells were collected by centrifugation at room temperature at 140 g for 10 minutes. The resulting cell pellet was resuspended in {fraction (1/10)} of the original volume with fresh medium.

For the functional characterization of clone F16, the recombinant baculovirus carrying the cytochrome P450 clone F 16 ORF was coexpressed with a recombinant baculovirus carrying the Taxus NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase gene. To the insect cell suspension, the two recombinant baculoviruses were added at a multiplicity of infection of 1-5. The viral titers were determined according to the End-Point Dilution method (O'Reilly et al., Baculovirus Expression Vectors, A Laboratory Manual, New York, N.Y., Freeman and Company, 1992). For infection, the cells were incubated for 1 hour at 28° C. and 80 rpm. The cell culture volume was brought to 50 mL with standard cell culture medium, and hemin (Sigma) was added to a final concentration of 2 μg/mL. The infected cells were incubated for 48 hours in a gyratory shaker at 28° C. and 140 rpm. The infected insect cells were harvested from the cell culture medium by centrifugation as described above, and washed twice with PBS (50 mM KH₂PO₄, pH 7.5, 0.9% NaCl). The cell pellet so obtained was resuspended in 5 mL of HEPES/DTT Buffer (25 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 1 mM DTT). The cells were lysed by mild sonication (VirSonic, Virtis Company, Gardiner, N.Y.), the cell debris was removed by centrifugation at 5,000 g for 10 minutes at 4° C., and the resulting supernatant was collected for use in enzyme assays.

J. Assay of Recombinant Cytochrome P450 Activity Toward Taxoid Substrates

Isolated transformants for each full-length cytochrome P450 clone shown to express a fluctional enzyme by CO-difference spectrum (ten clones) were grown to stationary phase in 2 mL SGI medium at 30° C. and used to inoculate a 10-mL expression culture (in YPL medium). Approximately 8 hours after induction, cells were harvested by centrifugation (10 minutes at 1500 rpm), and the pellet was resuspended in 2 mL of fresh YPL medium.

To eliminate additional complication and uncertainty associated with microsome isolations for in vitro assays, 10⁶ dpm of [20-³H₃]taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene (16 Ci/mol) or [20-³H₂]taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5-α-ol (4.0 Ci/mol), or other taxoid substrate were added directly to the cell suspension to assay conversion in vivo. After 12 hours of incubation at 30° C. with agitation (250 rpm), the mixture was treated for 15 minutes in a sonication bath and extracted 3 times with 2 mL diethyl ether to insure isolation of the biosynthetic products. These ether extracts, containing residual substrate and derived product(s), were concentrated to dryness, resuspended in 200 μL of CH₃CN, and filtered. These samples were analyzed by radio-HPLC (Hefner et al., Chemistry and Biology 3:479-489, 1996) using a 4.6 mm i.d.×250 mm column of Econosil C 18, 5 μ(Alltech, Deerfield, Ill.) with a gradient of CH₃CN in H₂O from 0% to 85% (10 minutes at 1 mL/minute), then to 100% CH₃CN over 40 minutes.

The foregoing method is capable of separating taxoids ranging in polarity from taxadiene to approximately that of taxadien-hexaol. For confirmation of product type, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is employed, depending on the volatility of the product.

In the present example, of the eight clones confirmed to be functional by CO difference spectra, four exhibited a hydroxylated product in situ when incubated with taxadien-5α-ol.

K. Substrate Preparation

The syntheses of [20-³H₃]taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene (16 Ci/mol) and [20-³H₂]taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5α-ol (4.0 Ci/mol) have been described elsewhere (Hefner et al., Chemistry and Biology 3:479-489, 1996; and Rubenstein et al., J. Org. Chem. 60:7215-7223, 1995, respectively). Other taxane substrates (diols, triols, and tetraols of taxadiene) needed to monitor more advanced cytochrome P450-mediated bioconversions are generated by incubating radiolabeled taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5α-ol with isolated T. canadensis microsomes, or appropriate recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes, and separating the products by preparative (radio)HPLC. Taxusin (5α,9α,10β,13α-tetraacetoxy-taxa-4(20),11(12)-diene) is isolated from Taxus heartwood and purified by standard chromatographic procedures (De Case De Marcano et al., Chem. Commun. 1282-1294, 1969).

Following deacetylation and reacetylation with [¹⁴C] acetic anhydride, this labeled substrate is used to monitor enzymatic hydroxylation at C 1, C2, and C7 and epoxidation at C4-C20. 2α-Isobutyryloxy-5α, 7α, 10β-triaacetoxy-taxa-4(20),11(12)-diene, isolated from the same source (De Case De Marcano et al., Chem. Commun. 1282-1294, 1969), can be modified similarly to provide a substrate for monitoring hydroxylation at C9 and C13. If taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5α-ol is hydroxylated at C10 as an early step, then the surrogate substrates for examining enzymatic oxygenation at all relevant positions of the taxane ring can be procured.

L. NMR Spectrometry

All NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian Inova-500 NMR spectrometer operating at 18° C. using a very sensitive 5 mm pulsed-field-gradient ¹H indirect-detection probe. The taxadien-diol monoacetate was dissolved in C₆D₆ to a final concentration of about 300 μM. A 2D-TOCSY spectrum was acquired using a z-filtered DIPSI mixing sequence, a 60 msec mixing time, 10 kHz spin-lock field, 16 repetitions, 256 (t₁)×2048 (t₂) complex points, and 6500 Hz sweep in each dimension. The 2D-ROESY spectrum was acquired using a z-filtered mixing sequence with a 409 msec mixing time, 4 kHz spin-lock field, 128 repetitions, 256 (t₁)×2048 (t₂) complex points, and 6500 Hz sweep in each dimension. A 2D-HSQC spectrum was acquired using 256 repetitions, 128 (t₁)×1024 (t₂) complex points, and 6500 Hz in F2 and 15000 Hz in F1. The time between repetitions was 1.5 seconds for these experiments. Data were processed using the Varian, Inc. VNMR software, version 6.1C. The final data size, after linear-prediction in (t₁) and zero-filling in both dimensions, was 1024(F1)×2048(F2) complex points for all experiments.

EXAMPLES

1. Oxygenase Protein and Nucleic Acid Sequences

As described above, the invention provides oxygenases and oxygenase-specific nucleic acid sequences. With the provision herein of these oxygenase sequences, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may be utilized as a preferred method for identifying and producing nucleic acid sequences encoding the oxygenases. For example, PCR amplification of the oxygenase sequences may be accomplished either by direct PCR from a plant cDNA library or by Reverse-Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) using RNA extracted from plant cells as a template. Oxygenase sequences may be amplified from plant genomic libraries, or plant genomic DNA. Methods and conditions for both direct PCR and RT-PCR are known in the art and are described in Innis et al., PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Press: San Diego, 1990.

The selection of PCR primers is made according to the portions of the cDNA (or gene) that are to be amplified. Primers may be chosen to amplify small segments of the cDNA, the open reading frame, the entire cDNA molecule or the entire gene sequence. Variations in amplification conditions may be required to accommodate primers of differing lengths; such considerations are well known in the art and are discussed in Innis et al., PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Press: San Diego, 1990; Sambrook et al. (eds.), Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 2nd ed., vols. 1-3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1989; and Ausubel et al. (eds.) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing and Wiley-Interscience, New York (with periodic updates), 1987. By way of example, the cDNA molecules corresponding to additional oxygenases may be amplified using primers directed toward regions of homology between the 5′ and 3′ ends of the full-length clone such as the one shown in SEQ ID NO: 43 sequences. Example primers for such a reaction are:

primer 1: 5′-CCI CCI GGI AAI ITI-3′ (SEQ ID NO. 81)

primer 2: 5′-ICC I(G/C)C ICC (G/A)AA IGG-3′ (SEQ ID NO. 82)

These primers are illustrative only; it will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that many different primers may be derived from the provided nucleic acid sequences. Re-sequencing of PCR products obtained by these amplification procedures is recommended to facilitate confirmation of the amplified sequence and to provide information on natural variation between oxygenase sequences. Oligonucleotides derived from the oxygenase sequence may be used in such sequencing methods.

Oligonucleotides that are derived from the oxygenase sequences are encompassed within the scope of the present invention. Preferably, such oligonucleotide primers comprise a sequence of at least 10-20 consecutive nucleotides of the oxygenase sequences. To enhance amplification specificity, oligonucleotide primers comprising at least 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 or 50 consecutive nucleotides of these sequences also may be used.

A. Oxygenases in Other Plant Species

Orthologs of the oxygenase genes are present in a number of other members of the Taxus genus. With the provision herein of the oxygenase nucleic acid sequences, the cloning by standard methods of cDNAs and genes that encode oxygenase orthologs in these other species is now enabled. As described above, orthologs of the disclosed oxygenase genes have oxygenase biological activity and are typically characterized by possession of at least 50% sequence identity counted over the full-length alignment with the amino acid sequence of the disclosed oxygenase sequences using the NCBI Blast 2.0 (gapped blastp set to default parameters). Proteins with even greater sequence identity to the reference sequences will show increasing percentage identities when assessed by this method, such as at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or at least 95% seouence identity.

Both conventional hybridization and PCR amplification procedures may be utilized to clone sequences encoding oxygenase orthologs. Common to both of these techniques is the hybridization of probes or primers that are derived from the oxygenase nucleic acid sequences. Furthermore, the hybridization may occur in the context of Northern blots, Southern blots, or PCR.

Direct PCR amplification may be performed on cDNA or genomic libraries prepared from the plant species in question, or RT-PCR may be performed using mRNA extracted from the plant cells using standard methods. PCR primers will comprise at least 10 consecutive nucleotides of the oxygenase sequences. One of skill in the art will appreciate that sequence differences between the oxygenase nucleic acid sequence and the target nucleic acid to be amplified may result in lower amplification efficiencies. To compensate for this, longer PCR primers or lower annealing temperatures may be used during the amplification cycle. Whenever lower annealing temperatures are used, sequential rounds of amplification using nested primer pairs may be necessary to enhance specificity.

For conventional hybridization techniques the hybridization probe is preferably conjugated with a detectable label such as a radioactive label, and the probe is preferably at least 10 nucleotides in length. As is well known in the art, increasing the length of hybridization probes tends to give enhanced specificity. The labeled probe derived from the oxygenase nucleic acid sequence may be hybridized to a plant cDNA or genomic library and the hybridization signal detected using methods known in the art. The hybridizing colony or plaque (depending on the type of library used) is purified and the cloned sequence contained in that colony or plaque isolated and characterized.

Orthologs of the oxygenases alternatively may be obtained by immunoscreening of an expression library. With the provision herein of the disclosed oxygenase nucleic acid sequences, the enzymes may be expressed and purified in a heterologous expression system (e.g., E. coli) and used to raise antibodies (monoclonal or polyclonal) specific for oxygenases. Antibodies also may be raised against synthetic peptides derived from the oxygenase amino acid sequence presented herein. Methods of raising antibodies are well known in the art and are described generally in Harlow and Lane, Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Springs Harbor, 1988. Such antibodies can be used to screen an expression cDNA library produced from a plant. This screening will identify the oxygenase ortholog. The selected cDNAs can be confirned by sequencing and enzyme activity assays.

B. Taxol Oxygenase Variants

With the provision of the oxygenase amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOS: 56-68) and the corresponding cDNA (SEQ ID NOS: 43-55 and 81-86), variants of these sequences now can be created.

Variant oxygenases include proteins that differ in amino acid sequence from the oxygenase sequences disclosed, but that retain oxygenase biological activity. Such proteins may be produced by manipulating the nucleotide sequence encoding the oxygenase using standard procedures such as site-directed mutagenesis or the polymerase chain reaction. The simplest modifications involve the substitution of one or more amino acids for amino acids having similar biochemical properties. These so-called “conservative substitutions” are likely to have minimal impact on the activity of the resultant protein. Table 4 shows amino acids that may be substituted for an original amino acid in a protein and that are regarded as conservative substitutions.

TABLE 4 Original Conservative Residue Substitutions ala Ser arg Lys asn Gln; his asp Glu cys Ser gln Asn glu Asp gly Pro his Asn; gln ile Leu; val leu ile; val lys Arg; gln; glu met Leu; ile phe Met; leu; tyr ser Thr thr Ser trp Tyr tyr Trp; phe val ile; leu

More substantial changes in enzymatic function or other features may be obtained by selecting substitutions that are less conservative than those in Table 4, i.e., by selecting residues that differ more significantly in their effect on maintaining: (a) the structure of the polypeptide backbone in the area of the substitution, for example, as a sheet or helical conformation; (b) the charge or hydrophobicity of the molecule at the target site; or (c) the bulk of the side chain. The substitutions that in general are expected to produce the greatest changes in protein properties will be those in which: (a) a hydrophilic residue, e.g., seryl or threonyl, is substituted for (or by) a hydrophobic residue, e.g., leucyl, isoleucyl, phenylalanyl, valyl or alanyl; (b) a cysteine or proline is substituted for (or by) any other residue; (c) a residue having an electropositive side chain, e.g., lysyl, arginyl, or histadyl, is substituted for (or by) an electronegative residue, e.g., glutamyl or aspartyl; or (d) a residue having a bulky side chain, e.g., phenylalanine, is substituted for (or by) one not having a side chain, e.g., glycine. The effects of these amino acid substitutions or deletions or additions may be assessed for oxygenase derivatives by analyzing the ability of the derivative proteins to catalyse the conversion of one Taxol precursor to another Taxol precursor.

Variant oxygenase cDNA or genes may be produced by standard DNA-mutagenesis techniques, for example, M13 primer mutagenesis. Details of these techniques are provided in Sambrook et al. (eds.), Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 2nd ed., vols. 1-3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1989, Ch. 15. By the use of such techniques, variants may be created that differ in minor ways from the oxygenase cDNA or gene sequences, yet that still encode a protein having oxygenase biological activity. DNA molecules and nucleotide sequences that are derivatives of those specifically disclosed herein and that differ from those disclosed by the deletion, addition, or substitution of nucleotides while still encoding a protein having oxygenase biological activity are comprehended by this invention, In their simplest form, such variants may differ from the disclosed sequences by alteration of the coding region to fit the codon usage bias of the particular organism into which the molecule is to be introduced.

Alternatively, the coding region may be altered by taking advantage of the degeneracy of the genetic code to alter the coding sequence in such a way that, while the nucleotide sequence is substantially altered, it nevertheless encodes a protein having an amino acid sequence identical or substantially similar to the disclosed oxygenase amino acid sequences. For example, the nineteenth amino acid residue of the oxygenase (Clone F12, SEQ ID NO:43) is alanine. This is encoded in the open reading frame (ORF) by the nucleotide codon triplet GCT. Because of the degeneracy of the genetic code, three other nucleotide codon triplets—GCA, GCC, and GCG—also code for alanine. Thus, the nucleotide sequence of the ORF can be changed at this position to any of these three codons without affecting the amino acid composition of the encoded protein or the characteristics of the protein. Based upon the degeneracy of the genetic code, variant DNA molecules may be derived from the cDNA and gene sequences disclosed herein using standard DNA mutagenesis techniques as described above, or by synthesis of DNA sequences. Thus, this invention also encompasses nucleic acid sequences that encode the oxygenase protein but that vary from the disclosed nucleic acid sequences by virtue of the degeneracy of the genetic code.

Variants of the oxygenase also may be defined in terms of their sequence identity with the oxygenase amino acid (SEQ ID NOS: 56-68 and 87-92) and nucleic acid sequences (SEQ ID NOS: 43-55 and 81-86). As described above, oxygenases have oxygenase biological activity and share at least 60% sequence identity with the disclosed oxygenase sequences. Nucleic acid sequences that encode such proteins may be readily determined simply by applying the genetic code to the amino acid sequence of theoxygenase, and such nucleic acid molecules may readily be produced by assembling oligonucleotides corresponding to portions of the sequence.

As previously mentioned, another method of identifying variants of the oxygenases is nucleic acid hybridization. Nucleic acid molecules derived from the oxygenase cDNA and gene sequences include molecules that hybridize under various conditions to the disclosed Taxol oxygenase nucleic acid molecules, or fragments thereof.

Nucleic acid duplex or hybrid stability is expressed as the melting temperature at which a probe dissociates from a target DNA. This melting temperature is used to define the required stringency conditions. If sequences are to be identified that are related and substantially identical to the probe, rather than identical, then it is useful to first establish the lowest temperature at which only homologous hybridization occurs with a particular concentration of salt (e.g., SSC or SSPE). Then, assuming that 1% mismatching results in a 1° C. decrease in the T_(m), the temperature of the final wash in the hybridization reaction is reduced accordingly (for example, if sequences having >95% identity with the probe are sought, the final wash temperature is decreased by 5° C.). In practice, the change in T_(m) can be between 0.5° C. and 1.5° C. per 1% mismatch.

Generally, hybridization conditions are classified into categories, for example very high stringency, high stringency, and low stringency. The conditions for probes that are about 600 base pairs or more in length are provided below in three corresponding categories.

Very High Stringency (sequences greater than 90% sequence identity) Hybridization in 5x SSC at 65° C. 16 hours Wash twice in 2x SSC at room temp. 15 minutes each Wash twice in 2x SSC at 55° C. 20 minutes each

High Stringency (detects sequences that share approximately 80% sequence identity) Hybridization in 5x SSC at 42° C. 16 hours Wash twice in 2x SSC at room temp. 20 minutes each Wash once in 2x SSC at 42° C. 30 minutes each

Low Stringency (detects sequences that share 70% sequence identity or greater) Hybridization in 6x SSC at room temp. 16 hours Wash twice in 2x SSC at room temp. 20 minutes each

The sequences encoding the oxygenases identified through hybridization may be incorporated into transformation vectors and introduced into host cells to produce the respective oxygenase.

2. Introduction of Oxygenases into Plants

After a cDNA (or gene) encoding a protein involved in the determination of a particular plant characteristic has been isolated, standard techniques may be used to express the cDNA in transgenic plants in order to modify the particular plant characteristic. The basic approach is to clone the cDNA into a transformation vector, such that the cDNA is operably linked to control sequences (e.g., a promoter) directing expression of the cDNA in plant cells. The transformation vector is introduced into plant cells by any of various techniques (e.g., electroporation), and progeny plants containing the introduced cDNA are selected. Preferably all or part of the transformation vector stably integrates into the genome of the plant cell. That part of the transformation vector that integrates into the plant cell and that contains the introduced cDNA and associated sequences for controlling expression (the introduced “transgene”) may be referred to as the recombinant expression cassette.

Selection of progeny plants containing the introduced transgene may be made based upon the detection of an altered phenotype. Such a phenotype may result directly from the cDNA cloned into the transformation vector or may be manifest as enhanced resistance to a chemical agent (such as an antibiotic) as a result of the inclusion of a dominant selectable marker gene incorporated into the transformation vector.

Successful examples of the modification of plant characteristics by transformation with cloned cDNA sequences are replete in the technical and scientific literature. Selected examples, which serve to illustrate the knowledge in this field of technology include:

U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,706 (“Plant Virus Resistance Gene and Methods”)

U.S. Pat. No. 5,677,175 (“Plant Pathogen Induced Proteins”)

U.S. Pat. No. 5,510,471 (“Chimeric Gene for the Transformation of Plants”)

U.S. Pat. No. 5,750,386 (“Pathogen-Resistant Transgenic Plants”)

U.S. Pat. No. 5,597,945 (“Plants Genetically Enhanced for Disease Resistance”)

U.S. Pat. No. 5,589,615 (“Process for the Production of Transgenic Plants with Increased Nutritional Value Via the Expression of Modified 25 Storage Albumins”)

U.S. Pat. No. 5,750,871 (“Transformation and Foreign Gene Expression in Brassica Species”)

U.S. Pat. No. 5,268,526 (“Overexpression of Phytochrome in Transgenic Plants”)

U.S. Pat. No. 5,262,316 (“Genetically Transformed Pepper Plants and Methods for their Production”)

U.S. Pat. No. 5,569,831 (“Transgenic Tomato Plants with Altered Polygalacturonase Isoforms”)

These examples include descriptions of transformation vector selection, transformation techniques, and the construction of constructs designed to over-express the introduced cDNA. In light of the foregoing and the provision herein of the oxygenase amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences, it is thus apparent that one of skill in the art will be able to introduce the cDNAs, or homologous or derivative forms of these molecules, into plants in order to produce plants having enhanced oxygenase activity. Furthermore, the expression of one or more oxygenases in plants may give rise to plants having increased production of Taxol and related compounds.

A. Vector Construction, Choice of Promoters

A number of recombinant vectors suitable for stable transfection of plant cells or for the establishment of transgenic plants have been described, including those described in Weissbach and Weissbach, Methods for Plant Molecular Biology, Academic Press, 1989; and Gelvin et al., Plant and Molecular Biology Manual, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990. Typically, plant-transformation vectors include one or more cloned plant genes (or cDNAs) under the transcriptional control of 5′- and 3′-regulatory sequences and a dominant selectable marker. Such plant transformation vectors typically also contain a promoter regulatory region (e.g., a regulatory region controlling inducible or constitutive, environmentally or developmentally regulated, or cell- or tissue-specific expression), a transcription-initiation start site, a ribosome-binding site, an RNA processing signal, a transcription-termination site, and/or a polyadenylation signal.

Examples of constitutive plant promoters that may be useful for expressing the cDNA include: the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, which confers constitutive, high-level expression in most plant tissues (see, e.g., Odel et al., Nature 313:810, 1985; Dekeyser et al., Plant Cell 2:591, 1990; Terada and Shimarnoto, Mol. Gen. Genet. 220:389, 1990; and Benfey and Chua, Science 250:959-966, 1990); the nopaline synthase promoter (An et al., Plant Physiol. 88:547, 1988); and the octopine synthase promoter (Fromm et al., Plant Cell 1:977, 1989). Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Taxus species has been accomplished, and the resulting callus cultures have been shown to produce Taxol (Han et al., Plant Science 95: 187-196, 1994). Therefore, it is likely that incorporation of one or more of the described oxygenases under the influence of a strong promoter (like CaMV promoter) would increase production yields of Taxol and related taxoids in such transformed cells.

A variety of plant gene promoters that are regulated in response to environmental, hormonal, chemical, and/or developmental signals also can be used for expression of the cDNA in plant cells, including promoters regulated by: (a) heat (Callis et al., Plant Physiol. 88:965, 1988; Ainley, et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 22:13-23, 1993; and Gilmartin et al., The Plant Cell 4:839-949, 1992); (b) light (e.g., the pea rbcS-3A promoter, Kuhlemeier et al., Plant Cell 1:471, 1989, and the maize rbcS promoter, Schaffnier and Sheen, Plant Cell 3:997, 1991); (c) hormones, such as abscisic acid (Marcotte et al., Plant Cell 1:969, 1989); (d) wounding (e.g., wunI, Siebertz et al., Plant Cell 1:961, 1989); and (e) chemicals such as methyl jasmonate or salicylic acid (see also Gatz et al., Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 48:9-108, 1997).

Alternatively, tissue-specific (root, leaf, flower, and seed, for example) promoters (Carpenter et al., The Plant Cell 4:557-571, 1992; Denis et al., Plant Physiol. 101:1295-1304, 1993; Opperman et al., Science 263:221-223, 1993; Stockhause et al., The Plant Cell 9:479-489, 1997; Roshal et al., Embo. J. 6:1155, 1987; Schernthaner et al., Embo J. 7:1249, 1988; and Bustos et al., Plant Cell 1:839, 1989) can be fused to the coding sequence to obtain a particular expression in respective organs.

Alternatively, the native oxygenase gene promoters may be utilized. With the provision herein of the oxygenase nucleic acid sequences, one of skill in the art will appreciate that standard molecular biology techniques can be used to determine the corresponding promoter sequences. One of skill in the art also will appreciate that less than the entire promoter sequence may be used in order to obtain effective promoter activity. The determination of whether a particular region of this sequence confers effective promoter activity may be ascertained readily by operably linking the selected sequence region to an oxygenase cDNA (in conjunction with suitable 3′ regulatory region, such as the NOS 3′ regulatory region as discussed below) and determining whether the oxygenase is expressed.

Plant-transformation vectors also may include RNA processing signals, for example, introns, that may be positioned upstream or downstream of the ORF sequence in the transgene. In addition, the expression vectors also may include additional regulatory sequences from the 3′-untranslated region of plant genes, e.g., a 3′-terminator region, to increase mRNA stability of the mRNA, such as the PI-II terminator region of potato or the octopine or nopaline synthase (NOS) 3′-terminator regions. The native oxygenase gene 3′-regulatory sequence also may be employed.

Finally, as noted above, plant-transformation vectors also may include dominant selectable marker genes to allow for the ready selection of transformants. Such genes include those encoding antibiotic-resistance genes (e.g., resistance to hygromycin, kanarnycin, bleomycin, G418, streptomycin, or spectinomycin) and herbicide-resistance genes (e.g., phosphinothricin acetyloxygenase).

B. Arrangement of Taxol Oxygenase Sequence in a Vector

The particular arrangement of the oxygenase sequence in the transformation vector is selected according to the type of expression of the sequence that is desired.

In most instances, enhanced oxygenase activity is desired, and the oxygenase ORF is operably linked to a constitutive high-level promoter such as the CaMV 35S promoter. As noted above, enhanced oxygenase activity also may be achieved by introducing into a plant a transformation vector containing a variant form of the oxygenase cDNA or gene, for example a form that varies from the exact nucleotide sequence of the oxygenase ORF, but that encodes a protein retaining an oxygenase biological activity.

C. Transformation and Regeneration Techniques

Transformation and regeneration of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant cells are now routine, and the appropriate transformation technique can be determined by the practitioner. The choice of method varies with the type of plant to be transformed; those skilled in the art will recognize the suitability of particular methods for given plant types. Suitable methods may include, but are not limited to: electroporation of plant protoplasts; liposome-mediated transformation; polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation; transformation using viruses; micro-injection of plant cells; micro-projectile bombardment of plant cells; vacuum infiltration; and Agrobacterium tumefaciens (AT)-mediated transformation. Typical procedures for transforming and regenerating plants are described in the patent documents listed at the beginning of this section.

D. Selection of Transformed Plants

Following transformation and regeneration of plants with the transformation vector, transformed plants can be selected using a dominant selectable marker incorporated into the transformation vector. Typically, such a marker confers antibiotic resistance on the seedlings of transformed plants, and selection of transformants can be accomplished by exposing the seedlings to appropriate concentrations of the antibiotic.

After transformed plants are selected and grown to maturity, they can be assayed using the methods described herein to assess production levels of Taxol and related compounds.

3. Production of Recombinant Taxol Oxygenase in Heterologous Expression Systems

Various yeast strains and yeast-derived vectors are used commonly for the expression of heterologous proteins. For instance, Pichia pastoris expression systems, obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, Calif.), may be used to practice the present invention. Such systems include suitable Pichia pastoris strains, vectors, reagents, transformants, sequencing primers, and media. Available strains include KM71H (a prototrophic strain), SMD1168H (a prototrophic strain), and SMD1168 (a pep4 mutant strain) (Invitrogen Product Catalogue, 1998, Invitrogen, Carlsbad Calif.).

Non-yeast eukaryotic vectors may be used with equal facility for expression of proteins encoded by modified nucleotides according to the invention. Mammalian vectorihost cell systems containing genetic and cellular control elements capable of carrying out transcription, translation, and post-translational modification are well known in the art. Examples of such systems are the well-known baculovirus system, the ecdysone-inducible expression system that uses regulatory elements from Drosophila melanogaster to allow control of gene expression, and the sindbis viral-expression system, that allows high-level expression in a variety of mammalian cell lines, all of which are available from Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.

The cloned expression vector encoding one or more oxygenases may be transformed into any of various cell types for expression of the cloned nucleotide. Many different types of cells may be used to express modified nucleic acid molecules. Examples include cells of yeasts, fungi, insects, mammals, and plants, including transformed and non-transformed cells. For instance, common mammalian cells that could be used include HeLa cells, SW-527 cells (ATCC deposit #7940), WISH cells (ATCC deposit #CCL-25), Daudi cells (ATCC deposit #CCL-213), Mandin-Darby bovine kidney cells (ATCC deposit #CCL-22) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (ATCC deposit #CRL-2092). Common yeast cells include Pichia pastoris (ATCC deposit #201178) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC deposit #46024). Insect cells include cells from Drosophila melanogaster (ATCC deposit #CRL-10191), the cotton bollworm (ATCC deposit #CRL-9281), and Trichoplusia ni egg cell homoflagellates. Fish cells that may be used include those from rainbow trout (ATCC deposit #CLL-55), salmon (ATCC deposit #CRL-1681), and zebrafish (ATCC deposit #CRL-2147). Amphibian cells that may be used include those of the bullfrog, Rana catesbelana (ATCC deposit #CLL-41). Reptile cells that may be used include those from Russell's viper (ATCC deposit #CCL-140). Plant cells that could be used include Chlamydomonas cells (ATCC deposit #30485), Arabidopsis cells (ATCC deposit #54069) and tomato plant cells (ATCC deposit #54003). Many of these cell types are commonly used and are available from the ATCC as well as from commercial suppliers such as Pharmacia (Uppsala, Sweden), and Invitrogen.

Expressed protein may be accumulated within a cell or may be secreted from the cell. Such expressed protein may then be collected and purified. This protein may be characterized for activity and stability and may be used to practice any of the various methods according to the invention.

4. Creation of Oxygenase Specific Binding Agents

Antibodies to the oxygenase enzymes, and fragments thereof, of the present invention may be useful for purification of the enzymes. The provision of the oxvienase sequences allows for the nroduction of snecific antibodv-based binding agents to these enzymes.

Monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies may be produced to an oxygenase, portions of the oxygenase, or variants thereof. Optimally, antibodies raised against epitopes on these antigens will detect the enzyme specifically. That is, antibodies raised against an oxygenase would recognize and bind the oxygenase, and would not substantially recognize or bind to other proteins. The determination that an antibody specifically binds to an antigen is made by any one of a number of standard immunoassay methods; for instance, Western blotting, Sambrook et al. (eds.), Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., vols. 1-3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1989.

To determine that a given antibody preparation (such as a preparation produced in a mouse against SEQ ID NO: 56) specifically detects the oxygenase by Western blotting, total cellular protein is extracted from cells and electrophoresed on an SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The proteins are transferred to a membrane (for example, nitrocellulose) by Western blotting, and the antibody preparation is incubated with the membrane. After washing the membrane to remove non-specifically bound antibodies, the presence of specifically bound antibodies is detected by the use of an anti-mouse antibody conjugated to an enzyme such as alkaline phosphatase; application of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate/nitro blue tetrazolium results in the production of a densely blue-colored compound by immuno-localized alkaline phosphatase.

Antibodies that specifically detect an oxygenase will be shown, by this technique, to bind substantially only the oxygenase band (having a position on the gel determined by the molecular weight of the oxygenase). Non-specific binding of the antibody to other proteins may occur and may be detectable as a weaker signal on the Western blot (which can be quantified by automated radiography). The non-specific nature of this binding will be recognized by one skilled in the art by the weak signal obtained on the Western blot relative to the strong primary signal arising from the specific anti-oxygenase binding.

Antibodies that specifically bind to an oxygenase according to the invention belong to a class of molecules that are referred to herein as “specific binding agents.” Specific binding agents capable of specifically binding to the oxygenase of the present invention may include polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies and fragments of monoclonal antibodies such as Fab, F(ab′)₂ and Fv fragments, as well as any other agent capable of specifically binding to one or more epitopes on the proteins.

Substantially pure oxygenase suitable for use as an immunogen can be isolated from transfected cells, transformed cells, or from wild-type cells. Concentration of protein in the final preparation is adjusted, for example, by concentration on an Amicon filter device, to the level of a few micrograms per milliliter. Alternatively, peptide fragments of an oxygenase may be utilized as immunogens. Such fragments may be synthesized chemically using standard methods, or may be obtained by cleavage of the whole oxygenase enzyme followed by purification of the desired peptide fragments. Peptides as short as three or four amino acids in length are immunogenic when presented to an immune system in the context of a Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecule, such as MHC class I or MHC class II. Accordingly, peptides comprising at least 3 and preferably at least 4, 5, 6 or more consecutive amino acids of the disclosed oxygenase amino acid sequences may be employed as immunogens for producing antibodies.

Because naturally occurring epitopes on proteins frequently comprise amino acid residues that are not adjacently arranged in the peptide when the peptide sequence is viewed as a linear molecule, it may be advantageous to utilize longer peptide fragments from the oxygenase amino acid sequences for producing antibodies. Thus, for example, peptides that comprise at least 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30 consecutive amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence may be employed. Monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies to the intact oxygenase, or peptide fragments thereof may be prepared as described below.

A. Monoclonal Antibody Production by Hybridoma Fusion

Monoclonal antibody to any of various epitopes of the oxygenase enzymes that are identified and isolated as described herein can be prepared from murine hybridomas according to the classic method of Kohler & Milstein, Nature 256:495, 1975, or a derivative method thereof Briefly, a mouse is repetitively inoculated with a few micrograms of the selected protein over a period of a few weeks. The mouse is sacrificed, and the antibody-producing cells of the spleen isolated. The spleen cells are fused by means of polyethylene glycol with mouse myeloma cells, and the excess unfused cells destroyed by growth of the system on selective media comprising aminopterin (HAT media). The successfully fused cells are diluted and aliquots of the dilution placed in wells of a microtiter plate where growth of the culture is continued. Antibody-producing clones are identified by detection of antibody in the supernatant fluid of the wells by immunoassay procedures, such as ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, as originally described by Engvall, Enzymol. 70:419, 1980, or a derivative method thereof. Selected positive clones can be expanded and their monoclonal antibody product harvested for use. Detailed procedures for monoclonal antibody production are described in Harlow & Lane, Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, 1988.

B. Polyclonal Antibody Production by Immunization

Polyclonal antiserum containing antibodies to heterogenous epitopes of a single protein can be prepared by immunizing suitable animals with the expressed protein, which can be unmodified or modified, to enhance immunogenicity. Effective polyclonal antibody production is affected by many factors related both to the antigen and the host species. For example, small molecules tend to be less immunogenic than other molecules and may require the use of carriers and an adjuvant. Also, host animals vary in response to site of inoculations and dose, with both inadequate or excessive doses of antigen resulting in low-titer antisera. Small doses (ng level) of antigen administered at multiple intradermal sites appear to be most reliable. An effective immunization protocol for rabbits can be found in Vaitukaitis et al., J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 33:988-991, 1971.

Booster injections can be given at regular intervals, and antiserum harvested when the antibody titer thereof, as determined semi-quantitatively, for example, by double immunodifflusion in agar against known concentrations of the antigen, begins to fall. See, for example, Ouchterlony et al., in Wier (ed.), Handbook of Experimental Immunology, Chapter 19, Blackwell, 1973. A plateau concentration of antibody is usually in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 mg/mL of serum (about 12 μM). Affinity of the antisera for the antigen is determined by preparing competitive binding curves using conventional methods.

C. Antibodies Raised by Injection of cDNA

Antibodies may be raised against an oxygenase of the present invention by subcutaneous injection of a DNA vector that expresses the enzymes in laboratory animals, such as mice. Delivery of the recombinant vector into the animals may be achieved using a hand-held form of the “Biolistic” system (Sanford et al., Particulate Sci. Technol. 5:27-37, 1987, as described by Tang et al., Nature (London) 356:153-154, 1992). Expression vectors suitable for this purpose may include those that express the cDNA of the enzyme under the transcriptional control of either the human β-actin promoter or the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Methods of administering naked DNA to animals in a manner resulting in expression of the DNA in the body of the animal are well known and are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,620,896 (“DNA Vaccines Against Rotavirus Infections”); 5,643,578 (“Immunization by Inoculation of DNA Transcription Unit”); and 5,593,972 (“Genetic Immunization”), and references cited therein.

D. Antibody Fragments

Antibody fragments may be used in place of whole antibodies and may be readily expressed in prokaryotic host cells. Methods of making and using immunologically effective portions of monoclonal antibodies, also referred to as “antibody fragments,” are well known and include those described in Better & Horowitz, Methods Enzymol. 178:476-496, 1989; Glockshuber et al. Biochemistry 29:1362-1367, 1990; and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,648,237 (“Expression of Functional Antibody Fragments”); 4,946,778 (“Single Polypeptide Chain Binding Molecules”); and 5,455,030 (“Immunotherapy Using Single Chain Polypeptide Binding Molecules”), and references cited therein.

5. Taxol Production in vivo

The creation of recombinant vectors and transgenic organisms expressing the vectors are important for controlling the production of oxygenases. These vectors can be used to decrease oxygenase production, or to increase oxygenase production. A decrease in oxygenase production likely will result from the inclusion of an antisense sequence or a catalytic nucleic acid sequence that targets the oxygenase encoding nucleic acid sequence. Conversely, increased production of oxygenasa can be achieved by including at least one additional oxygenase encoding sequence in the vector. These vectors can be introduced into a host cell, thereby altering oxygenase production. In the case of increased production, the resulting oxygenase may be used in in vitro systems, as well as in vivo for increased production of Taxol, other taxoids, intermediates of the Taxol biosynthetic pathway, and other products.

Increased production of Taxol and related taxoids in vivo can be accomplished by transforming a host cell, such as one derived from the Taxus genus, with a vector containing one or more nucleic acid sequences encoding one or more oxygenases. Furthermore, the heterologous or homologous oxygenase sequences can be placed under the control of a constitutive promoter, or an inducible promoter. This will lead to the increased production of oxygenase, thus eliminating any rate-limiting effect on Taxol production caused by the expression and/or activity level of the oxygenase.

6. Taxol Production in vitro

Currently, Taxol is produced by a semisynthetic method described in Hezari and Croteau, Planta Medica 63:291-295, 1997. This method involves extracting 10-deacetyl-baccatin III, or baccatin III, intermediates in the Taxol biosynthetic pathway, and then finishing the production of Taxol using in vitro techniques. As more enzymes are identified in the Taxol biosynthetic pathway, it may become possible to completely synthesize Taxol in vitro, or at least increase the number of steps that can be performed in vitro. Hence, the oxygenases of the present invention may be used to facilitate the production of Taxol and related taxoids in synthetic or semi-synthetic methods. Accordingly, the present invention enables the production of transgenic organisms that not only produce increased levels of Taxol, but also as 10-deacetyl-baccatin III and baccatin III.

7. Alternative Substrates for Use in Assessing Taxoid Oxygenases Activity

The order of oxygenation reactions on the taxane (taxadiene) nucleus en route to Taxol is not precisely known. However, based on comparison of the structures of the several hundred naturally-occurring taxanes (Kingston et al., The Taxane Diterpenoids, in Herz et al. (eds.), Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, Springer-Verlag, New York, Vol. 61, p. 206, 1993; and Baloglu et al., J. Nat. Prod. 62:1448-1472, 1999), it can be deduced from relative abundances of taxoids with oxygen substitution at each position (Floss et al., Biosynthesis of Taxol, in Suffness (ed.), Taxol: Science and Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., pp. 191-208, 1995) that oxygens at C5 (carbon numbers shown in FIG.) and C10 are introduced first, followed by oxygenation at C2 and C9 (could be either order), than at C13. Oxygenations at C7 and C1 of the taxane nucleus are considered to be very late introductions, possibly occurring after oxetane ring formation; however, epoxidation (at C4/C20) and oxetane formation seemingly must precede oxidation of the C9 hydroxyl to a carbonyl (Floss et al., Biosynthesis of Taxol, in Suffness (ed.), Taxol: Science and Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., pp. 191-208, 1995). Evidence from cell-free enzyme studies with Taxus microsomes (Hezari et al., Planta Medica 63:291-295, 1997) and in vivo feeding studies with Taxus cells (Eisenreich et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120:9694-9695, 1998) have indicated that the oxygenation reactions of the taxane core are accomplished by cytochrome P450 oxygenases. Thus, for example, the cytochrome P450-mediated hydroxylation (with double-bond migration) of taxadiene to taxadien-5α-ol has been demonstrated with Taxus microsomes (Hefner et al., Chem. Biol. 3:479-489, 1996). Most recently, the taxadien-5α-ol (and acetate ester) have been shown to undergo microsomal P450-catalyzed oxygenation to the level of a pentaol (i.e., taxadien-2α,5α,9α,10β,13α-pentaol) (Hezari et al., Planta Medica 63:291-295, 1997).

Because downstream steps are not yet defined, the above-referenced research summarized in Table 2 involved the pursuit of reactions (the timing and regiochemistry (position) of subsequent taxoid hydroxylations) through the use of surrogate substrates. Thus, labeled (+)-taxusin (the tetraacetate of taxadien-5,9,10,13-tetraol) was utilized to evaluate hydroxylations at C1, C2 and C7, and the epoxidation at C4/C20 en route to formation of the oxetane D-ring of Taxol.

Microsome preparations from Taxus cuspidata cells, optimized for cytochrome P450-mediated reactions, convert taxusin to the level of an epoxy triol (i.e., hydroxylation at C1, C2 and C7 and epoxidation of the C4/C20 double bond of the tetraacetate of taxadien-5,9,10,13-tetraol). Therefore, microsomal P450 reactions have been tentatively demonstrated for all of the relevant positions on the taxane core structure on route to Taxol (C1, C2, C5, C7, C9, C10 and C13, and the C4/C20 epoxidation), although the exact order for the various positions has not been established firmly.

The screening of the functionally expressed (by CO-difference spectra) clones in yeast (using taxadienol and taxadienyl acetate as test substrates) demonstrated that clone F14 encodes the cytochrome P450 taxane-10β-hydroxylase. Similar screening of fumctionally expressed clones using baculovirus-Spodoptera (especially for clones that do not express well in yeast) also revealed clone F16 as encoding the cytochrome P450 taxane-9α-hydroxylase.

The remaining regiospecific (positionally specific) oxygenases that functionalize the taxane core en route to Taxol can be obtained by identifying additional full-length clones by library screening with the appropriate hybridization probes or by RACE methods as necessary. Each clone can be functionally expressed (i.e., exhibiting a CO-difference spectrum which indicates proper folding and heme incorporation) in yeast or Spodoptera, as necessary. Each expressed cytochrome P450 clone can be tested for catalytic capability by in vivo (in situ) and in vitro (isolated microsomes) assay with the various taxoid substrates as described below, using GC-MS and NMR methods to identify products and thereby establish the regiochemistry of hydroxylation of the taxane core. Suitable substrates for use in additional assays are provided in Table 5, below.

TABLE 5 Substrate Use Taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien (taxadiene) A radiolabeled synthetic substrate employed to search for 5α-hydroxylase. Taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5α-ol and the Radiolabeled synthetic substrates employed corresponding 5α-acetate (taxadienol and to search for early hydroxylation steps and taxadienyl acetate) to assist in sequencing the various regiospecific hydroxylations of the Taxol pathway. These substrates were employed to confirm the taxane 10β-hydroxylase (clone F14) and the taxane 9α-hydroxylase (clone F16), and to indicate the early hydroxylation order as C5, C10 then C9. Preliminary evidence using these substrates suggests that clones F7, F9, F12 and F51 encode the C1, C2, C7 and C13 hydroxylases, but the corresponding products (four different diols (and diol monoacetates)) have not been identified and the sequence of oxygenation following 9α-hydroxylation is not yet known. Taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-2α,5α-diol (and Synthetic substrates used to search for the diacetate ester) C1, C7 and C13 hydroxylases and to assist in ordering the C2, C9 and C10 hydroxylation reactions of the pathway. Taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5α,9α,10β,13α- Radiolabeled, semisynthetic substrates tetraol and corresponding tetraacetate used to search for the C4/C20 epoxidase (taxusin tetraol and taxusin, respectively) and late-stage oxygenations, including C1 and C7 hydroxylases and the C2 hydroxylase. Also used to assist in ordering the late-stage oxygenation steps of the pathway. Although taxusin (and tetraol) do not reside on the Taxol pathway (Floss et al., Biosynthesis of Taxol, in Suffness (ed.), Taxol: Science and Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 191-208, 1995), this surrogate substrate is metabolized to the level of a presumptive taxadien-4,20- epoxy-1,2,5,7,9,10,13-heptaol (and tetraacetate) by microsomal preparations, but structures of the reaction products have not yet been confirmed by NMR. *Taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5α,9α-diol (and Labeled biosynthetic substrates prepared monoacetate and diacetate) from taxadienol (and acetate) using the above-described clones (clone 16). Used in searching for and ordering downstream oxygenation reactions. *Taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5α,10β-diol (and Labeled biosynthetic substrates prepared monoacetate and diacetate) from taxadienol (and acetate) using the above-described clones (clone 14). Used in searching for and ordering downstream oxygenation reactions. Taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5α,9α,10β-triol (an Semisynthetic substrate prepared from acetate esters) taxusin, and used as in * above.

Using these natural and surrogate substrates, along with the established t expression methods and bioanalytical protocols, it is anticipated that all of the regiospecific cytochrome P450 taxoid oxygenases of the Taxol pathway will be acquired from the extant set of related cytochromie P450s.

Having illustrated and described the principles of the invention in multiple embodiments and examples, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from such principles. We claim all modifications coming within the spirit and scope of the following claims.

                   #             SEQUENCE LISTING <160> NUMBER OF SEQ ID NOS: 95 <210> SEQ ID NO 1 <211> LENGTH: 192 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 1 ccatttggag gaggacggcg gacatgtcca ggatgggaat acgcaaaagt gg #aaatatta     60 ctgttcctcc atcattttgt gaaagcattc agtggttaca ccccaactga cc #ctcatgaa    120 aggatttgtg ggtatccagt ccctcttgtc cctgtcaagg gatttccaat aa #aacttatc    180 gccagatcct ga               #                   #                   #      192 <210> SEQ ID NO 2 <211> LENGTH: 192 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 2 cctttcggag gaggcatgcg tgtttgtcca gggtgggaat tcgccaagat gg #agacatta     60 ctgtttctcc atcattttgt taaagccttc tctgggttga aggcaattga tc #caaatgaa    120 aaactttcag ggaaaccact tcctcctctc cctgtcaatg ggcttcccat ta #aactctat    180 tccagatctt aa               #                   #                   #      192 <210> SEQ ID NO 3 <211> LENGTH: 192 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 3 ccattcggag caggagtgcg catatgtgca ggatgggaat ttgcgaagac ag #aactatta     60 ctgtttgtcc atcactttgt taaaaacttc agaggttgca ttgtaattga tc #ctaatgaa    120 aaaatttcag gggatccatt ccctccactc cctaccagtg gacaactcat ga #aacttatt    180 ccgagatcat aa               #                   #                   #      192 <210> SEQ ID NO 4 <211> LENGTH: 192 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 4 ccattcggag caggcgtacg catatgtgca ggatgggaat ttgcaaagac ag #aactatta     60 ctctttgtcc atcactttgt taaaaacttc agcggttgca ttgtaattga tc #ctagtgaa    120 aaaatttcag gggatccatt ccctcctctc cctaccagtg gacaacgcat ga #aacttatt    180 ccgagatcct aa               #                   #                   #      192 <210> SEQ ID NO 5 <211> LENGTH: 192 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 5 cctttcgggg caggcaaacg catatgccca ggatgggagt tcgctaagtt gg #agatgtta     60 ctgttcatcc atcattttgt caaaaatttc agcggatacc tcccacttga ca #ccaaggaa    120 aagatctccg gagatccatt ccctcctctc cccaaaaatg gatttcccat ta #aactattt    180 ccgagaacct aa               #                   #                   #      192 <210> SEQ ID NO 6 <211> LENGTH: 201 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 6 ccattcggag gaggcgcgcg cacatgccca ggatgggaat tttcaaagac gg #agatatta     60 ctgttcatcc atcattttgt tagaactttc agcagctacc tcccagttga ct #ccaacgaa    120 aaaatttcag cagatccatt ccctcccctc cctgccaatg ggttctccat aa #aacttttt    180 cccagatctc aatccaattg a            #                   #                 201 <210> SEQ ID NO 7 <211> LENGTH: 192 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 7 ccattcggag gaggcctgcg cacatgtcca ggatgggaat tctcaaagac gg #agatatta     60 ctgtttatcc atcattttgt taaaactttc ggcagctacc tcccagttga cc #ccaacgaa    120 aaaatttcag cagatccatt ccctcctctc cctgccaatg gcttttctat aa #aacttttt    180 cccagatctt aa               #                   #                   #      192 <210> SEQ ID NO 8 <211> LENGTH: 192 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 8 ccgttcggag gcggcctgcg catatgtcca ggatgggaat ttgcaaagac ag #agatgtta     60 ctgtttatac attattttgt taaaactttc agcagctacg tcccagttga cc #ccaacgaa    120 aagatttcag cagatccgct cgcttctttc cctgttaatg gattctccgt aa #aacttttt    180 ccaaggtcct aa               #                   #                   #      192 <210> SEQ ID NO 9 <211> LENGTH: 192 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 9 ccatttggag caggcctgcg cgtatgtcca ggatgggaat tggctaagac gg #agatatta     60 ctgtttgtgc atcattttgt taaaacgttc agtagctaca tacctgttga cc #ctaaagaa    120 aaactctcag ctgatccact tcctccgctc cctctcaatg ggttttccat ta #aacttttt    180 tcgagatcct aa               #                   #                   #      192 <210> SEQ ID NO 10 <211> LENGTH: 192 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 10 ccattcggag gaggcctgcg catctgtcca ggccgggaat ttgcgaagat gg #agatatta     60 gtgtttatgc atcattttgt taaagctttc agcagcttca ttccagttga cc #ctaacgaa    120 aaaatttcaa cagatccgct tccttccatc cctgtcaatg gattttccat aa #accttgtt    180 cccagatcct aa               #                   #                   #      192 <210> SEQ ID NO 11 <211> LENGTH: 192 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 11 ccatttggag gaggcctgcg catctgtgca ggctgggaat ttgcaaagat gg #agatatta     60 ctgtttatgc atcattttgt taaaactttc agtcacttca ttccagttga cc #ccaacgaa    120 aagatttcga gagatccact gcctcccatc cctgtcaaag gattttccat aa #agcctttt    180 cctagatcat aa               #                   #                   #      192 <210> SEQ ID NO 12 <211> LENGTH: 192 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 12 cccttcggtg gaggccaacg gtcatgtgtg ggatgggaat tttcaaagat gg #agatatta     60 ctattcgttc atcattttgt caaaactttt agcagctaca ccccagttga tc #ccgacgaa    120 aaaatatcag gggatccact ccctcctctt ccttccaagg gattttccat ta #aactgttt    180 ccgagaccat ag               #                   #                   #      192 <210> SEQ ID NO 13 <211> LENGTH: 192 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 13 ccatttggag gaggcctgcg cacatgtcca ggatgggaat tttcaaagat tg #aaatatta     60 ctgtttgtcc atcatttcgt taaaaatttc agcagctaca ttccagttga tc #ccaatgaa    120 aaagttttat cagatccact acctcctctc cctgccaatg gattttccat aa #aacttttt    180 ccgagatcct aa               #                   #                   #      192 <210> SEQ ID NO 14 <211> LENGTH: 192 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 14 cccttcggag gaggggagcg cacctgtcca ggatatgaat tttcaaagac tc #atatatta     60 ctgttcatcc accaatttgt taaaactttc actggttaca tcccgcttga tc #caaacgaa    120 agcatttcgg cgaatccgct cccccctcta cctgccaatg gatttcctgt aa #aacttttt    180 ctcaggtcct aa               #                   #                   #      192 <210> SEQ ID NO 15 <211> LENGTH: 192 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 15 cccttcggcc agggtaatcg gatgtgcccc ggaaatgaat tcgcaaggtt gg #aaatggaa     60 ttatttctat atcatttggt tttgagatat gattgggaat taatggaggc gg #atgaacgc    120 accaacatgt acttcattcc tcaccctgtg cacagtttgc ctttactact ta #aacacgtt    180 cctcctacat ga               #                   #                   #      192 <210> SEQ ID NO 16 <211> LENGTH: 154 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 16 ccatttggca agatttgaaa ttgctctctt tcttcacaac tttgtcacta aa #ttcagatg     60 ggagcagctg gaaattgatc gtgcgactta ctttcctctt ccttccacag aa #aatggttt    120 tccaatccgt ctctattctc gagtacacga atga        #                   #       154 <210> SEQ ID NO 17 <211> LENGTH: 210 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 17 ccgtttggtt cagggagaag aatgtgtccg ggcatgagtc tggcattgag tg #ttgttacg     60 tatacgctgg ggaggctgct gcagagcttc gagtggtctg ttccagaagg tg #tgataatc    120 gacatgacgg agggtttggg actaacaatg cccaaagcag ttccgttgga ga #ccattatc    180 aaacctcgcc ttcccttcca tctctactga          #                   #          210 <210> SEQ ID NO 18 <211> LENGTH: 202 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 18 cccttcggct gtatccggcg gggcctctgt tagttcctga tgaatcgaca ga #ggactgca     60 gtgtcggagg gtatcatgtc ccagcagtcg cgttcctgcg ggtacaacaa tt #gacatgag    120 agaggggttt ggactcacaa tgcccaaagc gattccgttg gaagccaata ta #aaacctcg    180 cctgcccttt catctctact ag            #                   #                202 <210> SEQ ID NO 19 <211> LENGTH: 228 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 19 ccctttggtg gaggccagcg ttcatgtcca ggatgggaat tttcaaagat gg #agatttta     60 ctgtcggtgc atcattttgt taaaacattc agcaccttca ccccagttga cc #cagcagaa    120 ataattgcaa gagattccct ctgccctctc ccttccaatg ggttttctgt aa #aacttttt    180 cctagatcct attcacttca cacaggcaac caggtcaaga aaatataa   #               228 <210> SEQ ID NO 20 <211> LENGTH: 219 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 20 cccttcggag caggcgtgcg cacctgccca ggatgggaat tttcaaaaac cc #agatatta     60 ctgttcttac attattttgt taaaactttc agtggctaca tcccactcga cc #ctgacgaa    120 aaagtgttag ggaatccagt ccctcctctc cctgccaatg gatttgctat aa #aacttttc    180 cccaggccct cattcgatca aggatcaccc atggaataa       #                   #   219 <210> SEQ ID NO 21 <211> LENGTH: 201 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 21 ccttttggtg cgggaaggag aggatgccca ggggcaagca tggccgttgt ga #cgatggaa     60 cttgcgttgg cacaactcat gcactgcttc cagtggcgca ttgaaggaga gt #tggatatg    120 agtgaacgct tcgcagcctc cttgcaaaga aaagtcgatc tttgtgttct tc #ctcaatgg    180 aggctaacta gtagcccttg a            #                   #                 201 <210> SEQ ID NO 22 <211> LENGTH: 63 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 22 Pro Phe Gly Gly Gly Arg Arg Thr Cys Pro Gl #y Trp Glu Tyr Ala Lys   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Val Glu Ile Leu Leu Phe Leu His His Phe Va #l Lys Ala Phe Ser Gly              20      #             25      #             30 Tyr Thr Pro Thr Asp Pro His Glu Arg Ile Cy #s Gly Tyr Pro Val Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Leu Val Pro Val Lys Gly Phe Pro Ile Lys Le #u Ile Ala Arg Ser      50              #     55              #     60 <210> SEQ ID NO 23 <211> LENGTH: 63 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 23 Pro Phe Gly Gly Gly Met Arg Val Cys Pro Gl #y Trp Glu Phe Ala Lys   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Met Glu Thr Leu Leu Phe Leu His His Phe Va #l Lys Ala Phe Ser Gly              20      #             25      #             30 Leu Lys Ala Ile Asp Pro Asn Glu Lys Leu Se #r Gly Lys Pro Leu Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Leu Pro Val Asn Gly Leu Pro Ile Lys Le #u Tyr Ser Arg Ser      50              #     55              #     60 <210> SEQ ID NO 24 <211> LENGTH: 63 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 24 Pro Phe Gly Ala Gly Val Arg Ile Cys Ala Gl #y Trp Glu Phe Ala Lys   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Thr Glu Leu Leu Leu Phe Val His His Phe Va #l Lys Asn Phe Arg Gly              20      #             25      #             30 Cys Ile Val Ile Asp Pro Asn Glu Lys Ile Se #r Gly Asp Pro Phe Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Leu Pro Thr Ser Gly Gln Leu Met Lys Le #u Ile Pro Arg Ser      50              #     55              #     60 <210> SEQ ID NO 25 <211> LENGTH: 63 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 25 Pro Phe Gly Ala Gly Val Arg Ile Cys Ala Gl #y Trp Glu Phe Ala Lys   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Thr Glu Leu Leu Leu Phe Val His His Phe Va #l Lys Asn Phe Ser Gly              20      #             25      #             30 Cys Ile Val Ile Asp Pro Ser Glu Lys Ile Se #r Gly Asp Pro Phe Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Leu Pro Thr Ser Gly Gln Arg Met Lys Le #u Ile Pro Arg Ser      50              #     55              #     60 <210> SEQ ID NO 26 <211> LENGTH: 63 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 26 Leu Ser Gly Ala Gly Lys Arg Ile Cys Pro Gl #y Trp Glu Phe Ala Lys   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Leu Glu Met Leu Leu Phe Ile His His Phe Va #l Lys Asn Phe Ser Gly              20      #             25      #             30 Tyr Leu Pro Leu Asp Thr Lys Glu Lys Ile Se #r Gly Asp Pro Phe Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Leu Pro Lys Asn Gly Phe Pro Ile Lys Le #u Phe Pro Arg Thr      50              #     55              #     60 <210> SEQ ID NO 27 <211> LENGTH: 66 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 27 Pro Phe Gly Gly Gly Ala Arg Thr Cys Pro Gl #y Trp Glu Phe Ser Lys   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Thr Glu Ile Leu Leu Phe Ile His His Phe Va #l Arg Thr Phe Ser Ser              20      #             25      #             30 Tyr Leu Pro Val Asp Ser Asn Glu Lys Ile Se #r Ala Asp Pro Phe Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Leu Pro Ala Asn Gly Phe Ser Ile Lys Le #u Phe Pro Arg Ser Gln      50              #     55              #     60 Ser Asn  65 <210> SEQ ID NO 28 <211> LENGTH: 63 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 28 Pro Phe Gly Gly Gly Leu Arg Thr Cys Pro Gl #y Trp Glu Phe Ser Lys   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Thr Glu Ile Leu Leu Phe Ile His His Phe Va #l Lys Thr Phe Gly Ser              20      #             25      #             30 Tyr Leu Pro Val Asp Pro Asn Glu Lys Ile Se #r Ala Asp Pro Phe Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Leu Pro Ala Asn Gly Phe Ser Ile Lys Le #u Phe Pro Arg Ser      50              #     55              #     60 <210> SEQ ID NO 29 <211> LENGTH: 63 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 29 Pro Phe Gly Gly Gly Leu Arg Ile Cys Pro Gl #y Trp Glu Phe Ala Lys   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Thr Glu Met Leu Leu Phe Ile His Tyr Phe Va #l Lys Thr Phe Ser Ser              20      #             25      #             30 Tyr Val Pro Val Asp Pro Asn Glu Lys Ile Se #r Ala Asp Pro Leu Ala          35          #         40          #         45 Ser Phe Pro Val Asn Gly Phe Ser Val Lys Le #u Phe Pro Arg Ser      50              #     55              #     60 <210> SEQ ID NO 30 <211> LENGTH: 63 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 30 Pro Phe Gly Ala Gly Leu Arg Val Cys Pro Gl #y Trp Glu Leu Ala Lys   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Thr Glu Ile Leu Leu Phe Val His His Phe Va #l Lys Thr Phe Ser Ser              20      #             25      #             30 Tyr Ile Pro Val Asp Pro Lys Glu Lys Leu Se #r Ala Asp Pro Leu Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Leu Pro Leu Asn Gly Phe Ser Ile Lys Le #u Phe Ser Arg Ser      50              #     55              #     60 <210> SEQ ID NO 31 <211> LENGTH: 63 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 31 Pro Phe Gly Gly Gly Leu Arg Ile Cys Pro Gl #y Arg Glu Phe Ala Lys   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Met Glu Ile Leu Val Phe Met His His Phe Va #l Lys Ala Phe Ser Ser              20      #             25      #             30 Phe Ile Pro Val Asp Pro Asn Glu Lys Ile Se #r Thr Asp Pro Leu Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Ser Ile Pro Val Asn Gly Phe Ser Ile Asn Le #u Val Pro Arg Ser      50              #     55              #     60 <210> SEQ ID NO 32 <211> LENGTH: 63 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 32 Pro Phe Gly Gly Gly Leu Arg Ile Cys Ala Gl #y Trp Glu Phe Ala Lys   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Met Glu Ile Leu Leu Phe Met His His Phe Va #l Lys Thr Phe Ser His              20      #             25      #             30 Phe Ile Pro Val Asp Pro Asn Glu Lys Ile Se #r Arg Asp Pro Leu Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Ile Pro Val Lys Gly Phe Ser Ile Lys Pr #o Phe Pro Arg Ser      50              #     55              #     60 <210> SEQ ID NO 33 <211> LENGTH: 63 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 33 Pro Phe Gly Gly Gly Gln Arg Ser Cys Val Gl #y Trp Glu Phe Ser Lys   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Met Glu Ile Leu Leu Phe Val His His Phe Va #l Lys Thr Phe Ser Ser              20      #             25      #             30 Tyr Thr Pro Val Asp Pro Asp Glu Lys Ile Se #r Gly Asp Pro Leu Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Leu Pro Ser Lys Gly Phe Ser Ile Lys Le #u Phe Pro Arg Pro      50              #     55              #     60 <210> SEQ ID NO 34 <211> LENGTH: 63 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 34 Pro Phe Gly Gly Gly Leu Arg Thr Cys Pro Gl #y Trp Glu Phe Ser Lys   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Ile Glu Ile Leu Leu Phe Val His His Phe Va #l Lys Asn Phe Ser Ser              20      #             25      #             30 Tyr Ile Pro Val Asp Pro Asn Glu Lys Val Le #u Ser Asp Pro Leu Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Leu Pro Ala Asn Gly Phe Ser Ile Lys Le #u Phe Pro Arg Ser      50              #     55              #     60 <210> SEQ ID NO 35 <211> LENGTH: 63 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 35 Pro Phe Gly Gly Gly Glu Arg Thr Cys Pro Gl #y Tyr Glu Phe Ser Lys   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Thr His Ile Leu Leu Phe Ile His Gln Phe Va #l Lys Thr Phe Thr Gly              20      #             25      #             30 Tyr Ile Pro Leu Asp Pro Asn Glu Ser Ile Se #r Ala Asn Pro Leu Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Leu Pro Ala Asn Gly Phe Pro Val Lys Le #u Phe Leu Arg Ser      50              #     55              #     60 <210> SEQ ID NO 36 <211> LENGTH: 63 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 36 Pro Phe Gly Gln Gly Asn Arg Met Cys Pro Gl #y Asn Glu Phe Ala Arg   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Leu Glu Met Glu Leu Phe Leu Tyr His Leu Va #l Leu Arg Tyr Asp Trp              20      #             25      #             30 Glu Leu Met Glu Ala Asp Glu Arg Thr Asn Me #t Tyr Phe Ile Pro His          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Val His Ser Leu Pro Leu Leu Leu Lys Hi #s Val Pro Pro Thr      50              #     55              #     60 <210> SEQ ID NO 37 <211> LENGTH: 50 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 37 His Leu Ala Arg Phe Glu Ile Ala Leu Phe Le #u His Asn Phe Val Thr   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Lys Phe Arg Trp Glu Gln Leu Glu Ile Asp Ar #g Ala Thr Tyr Phe Pro              20      #             25      #             30 Leu Pro Ser Thr Glu Asn Gly Phe Pro Ile Ar #g Leu Tyr Ser Arg Val          35          #         40          #         45 His Glu      50 <210> SEQ ID NO 38 <211> LENGTH: 69 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 38 Pro Phe Gly Ser Gly Arg Arg Met Cys Pro Gl #y Met Ser Leu Ala Leu   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Ser Val Val Thr Tyr Thr Leu Gly Arg Leu Le #u Gln Ser Phe Glu Trp              20      #             25      #             30 Ser Val Pro Glu Gly Val Ile Ile Asp Met Th #r Glu Gly Leu Gly Leu          35          #         40          #         45 Thr Met Pro Lys Ala Val Pro Leu Glu Thr Il #e Ile Lys Pro Arg Leu      50              #     55              #     60 Pro Phe His Leu Tyr  65 <210> SEQ ID NO 39 <211> LENGTH: 66 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: MISC_FEATURE <222> LOCATION: (1)..(66) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: “Xaa” equals any pe #ptide <400> SEQUENCE: 39 Leu Arg Leu Tyr Pro Ala Gly Pro Leu Leu Va #l Pro Asp Glu Ser Thr   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Glu Asp Cys Ser Val Gly Gly Tyr His Val Pr #o Xaa Xaa Xaa Val Pro              20      #             25      #             30 Ala Gly Thr Thr Ile Asp Met Arg Glu Gly Ph #e Gly Leu Thr Met Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Lys Ala Ile Pro Leu Glu Ala Asn Ile Lys Pr #o Arg Leu Pro Phe His      50              #     55              #     60 Leu Tyr  65 <210> SEQ ID NO 40 <211> LENGTH: 75 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 40 Pro Phe Gly Gly Gly Gln Arg Ser Cys Pro Gl #y Trp Glu Phe Ser Lys   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Met Glu Ile Leu Leu Ser Val His His Phe Va #l Lys Thr Phe Ser Thr              20      #             25      #             30 Phe Thr Pro Val Asp Pro Ala Glu Ile Ile Al #a Arg Asp Ser Leu Cys          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Leu Pro Ser Asn Gly Phe Ser Val Lys Le #u Phe Pro Arg Ser Tyr      50              #     55              #     60 Ser Leu His Thr Gly Asn Gln Val Lys Lys Il #e  65                  # 70                  # 75 <210> SEQ ID NO 41 <211> LENGTH: 72 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 41 Pro Phe Gly Ala Gly Val Arg Thr Cys Pro Gl #y Trp Glu Phe Ser Lys   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Thr Gln Ile Leu Leu Phe Leu His Tyr Phe Va #l Lys Thr Phe Ser Gly              20      #             25      #             30 Tyr Ile Pro Leu Asp Pro Asp Glu Lys Val Le #u Gly Asn Pro Val Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Leu Pro Ala Asn Gly Phe Ala Ile Lys Le #u Phe Pro Arg Pro Ser      50              #     55              #     60 Phe Asp Gln Gly Ser Pro Met Glu  65                  # 70 <210> SEQ ID NO 42 <211> LENGTH: 66 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 42 Pro Phe Gly Ala Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gl #y Ala Ser Met Ala Val   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Val Thr Met Glu Leu Ala Leu Ala Gln Leu Me #t His Cys Phe Gln Trp              20      #             25      #             30 Arg Ile Glu Gly Glu Leu Asp Met Ser Glu Ar #g Phe Ala Ala Ser Leu          35          #         40          #         45 Gln Arg Lys Val Asp Leu Cys Val Leu Pro Gl #n Trp Arg Leu Thr Ser      50              #     55              #     60 Ser Pro  65 <210> SEQ ID NO 43 <211> LENGTH: 1455 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 43 atggatacct tcattcagca cgagtcttcc ccacttcttc tttctcttac tc #tcgctgtt     60 attcttggca caattcttct tttgatatta agtggtaaac agtacagatc tt #ctcgtaaa    120 cttccccctg gaaacatggg cttccctctc attggggaga ctatagcact ta #tatcagat    180 acacctcgga agtttatcga cgacagagtg aagaaattcg gcctggtttt ca #agacttcg    240 ctaattggtc atcccgcagt tgtaatatgc ggctcctccg caaaccgttt cc #tcctctcc    300 aacgaggaaa agctggtgcg gatgtctttg cccaacgcag tactgaaact ct #tggggcag    360 gattgcgtta tggggaaaac cggagtggag catgggattg tacgtaccgc ac #tagcccgc    420 gccttgggcc cccaggcgtt gcagaattat gtggccaaaa tgagttcaga ga #tcgaacac    480 catatcaacc aaaaatggaa ggggaaagat gaggtgaagg tgcttcctct ga #taagaagc    540 ctcgtcttct ccatttcaac cagcttgttt ttcggtataa acgatgagca cc #aacagaag    600 cgacttcatc atcttttgga aactgtagct atgggacttg tgagtattcc cc #tagacttt    660 ccaggaactc gttttcgtaa agcactttac gcgcggtcga agctcgatga aa #ttatgtct    720 tctgtaatag aaaggagaag aagcgatctt cgttcaggag cagcttcaag cg #accaagat    780 ctactgtcgg tgttggtcac cttcaaagat gaaagaggga attcattcgc ag #acaaggag    840 atactggata acttctcttt tctacttcac gccttatacg acaccacaat tt #caccactc    900 accttgatat ttaagctgct ctcctctagt cctgaatgct atgagaatat ag #ctcaagag    960 cagctggaaa tacttggcaa taaaaaggat agagaggaaa tcagctggaa gg #atctgaag   1020 gatatgaaat atacatggca agcagttcag gaaactttga ggatgttccc tc #cagtttat   1080 ggatatattc gcgaggcttt gacagatatt gactatgatg gctatacaat ac #caaaagga   1140 tggagaatat tatgttcacc tcatactacg catagtaaag aggagtattt cg #atgagccg   1200 gaagaattca gaccttcaag attcgaggat caaggaaggc atgtggctcc tt #acacattc   1260 ataccatttg gaggaggcct gcgcatctgt gcaggctggg aatttgcaaa ga #tggagata   1320 ttactgttta tgcatcattt tgttaaaact ttcagtcact tcattccagt tg #accccaac   1380 gaaaagattt cgagagatcc actgcctccc atccctgtca aaggattttc ca #taaagcct   1440 tttcctagat cataa               #                   #                   #  1455 <210> SEQ ID NO 44 <211> LENGTH: 1455 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 44 atgcttatcg aaatggatac cttcgttcag ctcgagtctt cccctgttct tc #tttccctt     60 accctcacac ttattcttct ttttatattc tgtagtaaac aatacagatc ct #ctcttaaa    120 cttccccctg gaaacatggg cttccctctc attggggaga cgatagcact gg #catcacag    180 acacctgata aatttttcgg cgatagaatg aagaaattcg gcaaggtttt ca #agacttcg    240 ttaattgggc atcccacaat tgtgctctgc ggttcctccg gaaaccgttt tc #tcctctcc    300 aacgaggaaa aactggtgcg gatgtttccg cccaactcat ccagcaaact cc #tggggcag    360 gattctgttc tggggaaaat aggagaggag catcggattg tacgtaccgc ac #tagcccgc    420 tgtttgggcc cccaagcgct gcagaattac gtgtccaaaa tgagttcaga ga #tccaacgt    480 catatcaacc aaaaatggaa gggaaaaggt gaagtgaaga tgcttcctct ga #taagaagc    540 cttgtcttct ccatcgcaac cagcttattt tttggtatta ccgatgagca ac #aacaagaa    600 cgacttcatc atcttctgga aacagttgtt acgggacttt tgtgtattcc gc #tcgacttt    660 ccaggaacta catttcgtaa agcacttcac gcgcggtcga agctcgatga ga #ttatgtct    720 tctgtaatag aaaggagaag aaacgatctg cgtttaggcg cagcttcaag cg #accaagat    780 ctattgtcgg tgttgctcac cttcaaagat gaaagaggga atccattcgc tg #acaaggag    840 atcctggata acttctcttt tctacttcat gccttatacg acaccacaat tt #caccactc    900 acgttggtat ttaagctggt gtcctccaat cctgaatgct acgaaaatat ag #ctcaagag    960 caattggaaa ttcttcgcaa taaaaaggat ggagaagata tcagctgggc gg #atctgaag   1020 gatatgaaat atacgtggca agcagttcag gaaaccttga ggatgtgtcc tc #cagtttac   1080 ggaaattttc gcaaggcttt gacagatatt cattatgatg gctatacaat cc #caaaagga   1140 tggaggattt tatgttcacc ttatactaca catagtaaag aggagtattt tg #acgacccg   1200 gagaaattca gaccttcaag attcgaagag caaggaaggg atgtggctcc tt #acacattc   1260 ataccattcg gaggaggcct gcgcatctgt ccaggccggg aatttgcgaa ga #tggagata   1320 ttagtgttta tgcatcattt tgttaaagct ttcagcagct tcattccagt tg #accctaac   1380 gaaaaaattt caacagatcc gcttccttcc atccctgtca atggattttc ca #taaacctt   1440 gttcccagat cctaa               #                   #                   #  1455 <210> SEQ ID NO 45 <211> LENGTH: 1506 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 45 atggattcct tcagttttct aaaaagcatg gaagcgaaat tcggccaagt ca #tacaccgg     60 gatcagtctt ccagtactgc tcttctgtcc ctcgcattca cagctgctgt tg #ccattttt    120 cttgtgttgc tctttcgatt taaaagccgg ccctctacta atttccctcc ag #gaaatttt    180 ggcttccctt tcattggaga gacgatacag ttcttgcggg cacttcgatc ag #aatcgcct    240 catatgtttt ttgatgagag attgaagaaa tttgggcgtg tattcaagac gt #cattaact    300 gggcatccca cagctgtgtt ctgcgggcct gcgggaaacc ggtttattta ct #cgaatgag    360 cacaagctgg tgcagtcgtc tgggcccaac tccttcgtca aactggttgg gc #agcaatcc    420 atcgtgacca aaacaggaga ggagcaccgc atctttcttg gtgtcctgaa cg #agtttctg    480 gggcctcatg ccttacagag ttatacgcct aaaatgagtt ccaaaatcca gg #agaatatc    540 aataagcatt ggaagggtaa agatgaagtg aacatgcttc cttcgataag ac #agctcgtc    600 ttctccattt caagcagctt gttttttgat attaatgatg aggatcaaca gg #aacaactt    660 aaaactcttt tagaaactat tcttgtggga actttgtcgg ttcccctcga ca #ttccagga    720 tctaattttc gtaaagctct tcgggcgcgt tccaagctgg atgaaattct gt #ctcgttta    780 atcgaaagca gaagaaaaga tatgcgttct gggatagctt ctaccagtaa aa #atctactg    840 tcggtgctgc tcgccttcaa agatgaaaga gggaatccat tgacggacac gg #agatcctc    900 gacaactttt cttttatgct tcacgcctca tacgacacca ccgtttcgcc ca #cagtttgt    960 atatttaagc tgctctccgc caatccagaa tgctatgaaa aagtagttca ag #aacaattg   1020 ggaatacttg gcaataaaaa ggacggtgaa gaaatgtgtt ggaacgatct ga #aagctatg   1080 aaatatacat ggcaagcagc tcaagaaaca atgaggcttt tccctccagc gt #ttggatca   1140 tttcgcaagg tcatcgccga tattcatcat gatggctata taattcccaa ag #gatggaaa   1200 gctatggtga caaattacag tacaagtagg aaagaagagt acttcgatga ac #cagacaat   1260 ttcaagcctt caagatttgg ggatggaaag tatgtggctc cgtacacatt ct #tacctttc   1320 ggggcaggca tacgcatatg cccaggatgg gagttcgcta agttggagat gt #tactgttc   1380 atccatcatt ttgtcaaaaa tttcagcgga tacctcccac ttgacaccaa gg #aaaagatt   1440 tccggagatc cattccctcc tctccccaaa aatggatttc ccattaaact at #ttccgaga   1500 acctaa                  #                   #                   #         1506 <210> SEQ ID NO 46 <211> LENGTH: 1503 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 46 atggatgccc tttctcttgt aaacagcaca gttgcaaaat ttaatgaggt aa #cgcagcta     60 caggcttccc ctgctattct gtccactgcc ctcactgcta ttgcaggcat ta #ttgtgctc    120 ctcgtcatca cttctaaacg ccgttcctct cttaaacttc ctcctggaaa ac #taggcctc    180 cctttcattg gcgagacttt agagttcgtg aaggctcttc gatcagacac ac #ttcgacaa    240 tttgtggagg aaagggaggg gaaatttgga cgtgtgttca agacttcatt gc #ttgggaag    300 cccactgtaa tactctgcgg ccctgcggga aaccgcttag ttctttccaa cg #aggaaaaa    360 ctgttgcacg tgtcgtggtc cgcccaaatt gccagaatcc tgggtctcaa tt #ctgttgca    420 gtgaaaaggg gagatgatca ccgcgttctg cgtgtcgcac tagcaggttt tt #tgggctct    480 gcagggctac agctttacat aggtaaaatg agtgcactta tcagaaatca ta #tcaatgaa    540 aaatggaagg gaaaagatga agtgaatgta ctgagtttgg taagagatct tg #tcatggac    600 aattcagcta tcttgttttt caatatatac gataaagagc gaaagcaaca ac #tgcatgaa    660 atattgaaaa tcattcttgc ctcacatttc ggcatacctt taaacattcc cg #gatttctg    720 tatcgcaaag cactcaaggg gagcttgaag cggaaaaaaa ttctctccgc tt #tactggaa    780 aagagaaaag acgaactgcg ctcaagatta gcgtctagca atcaagatct tc #tctctgtt    840 ttgctcagct tcagagatga aagagggaaa ccactgagcg acgaggcagt ct #tagacaac    900 tgttttgcaa tgctggatgc ctcctatgac accaccactt cacaaatgac tc #tgatttta    960 aagatgttgt cttccaatcc agaatgcttt gaaaaagtag ttcaagagca at #tggagata   1020 gcgtcaaata aaaaggaggg agaagaaatc acaatgaagg atatcaaagc ca #tgaaatac   1080 acatggcaag tgctccagga aagtctacgg atgctttctc cagtatttgg aa #cacttcgt   1140 aagaccatga atgacattaa tcacgatggt tacacaattc caaaaggatg gc #aggttgta   1200 tggacaactt attctacaca tcagaaagac atatatttca agcagccaga ta #aattcatg   1260 ccttcgagat tcgaagagga agatgggcat ttggatgctt atacattcgt ac #catttgga   1320 ggaggacggc ggacatgtcc aggatgggaa tacgcaaaag tggaaatatt ac #tgttcctc   1380 catcattttg tgaaagcatt cagtggttac accccaactg accctcatga aa #ggatttgt   1440 gggtatccag tccctcttgt ccctgtcaag ggatttccaa taaaacttat cg #ccagatcc   1500 tga                   #                   #                   #           1503 <210> SEQ ID NO 47 <211> LENGTH: 1476 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(1476) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: “n” equals any olig #onucleotide <400> SEQUENCE: 47 atggatacca tacgagcaag ttttggcgaa gttattcagc cagagtattc tc #ctctcatc     60 atttccgncg ctctggcagc ttttcttggt attgttattt tctcgatctt ca #gttccact    120 cgacgatcct atgtgaatct cccccctgga aatttaggtt tacctttcat tg #gcgagacg    180 atacagttct tgggggcact tcagtcagaa aaaccccata catttttcga tg #agagagtg    240 aagaaattcg gtaaggtctt caagacttct ctaattgggg atcccacggt gg #tactctgc    300 gggccggcgg gaaaccgctt agttctgtcg aacgaagaca agctggtgca gt #ccgcaggg    360 cccaagtctt tcctgaaact gtttggggag gattccgttg cggccaaaag ag #aagagagc    420 catcgcatct tacgttcggc tctgggtcga tttctgggtc cccatgcttt ac #agaattat    480 attgggaaaa tgaattcaga aatgcaacgn catttcgatg acaaatggaa gg #gaaaagat    540 gaggtgaagg tgcttccttt ggttagaggc ctcattttct ccattgctac ct #ccctgttc    600 ttcaatataa atgatgacag acaacgtgag caactccatg gtctgctgga ta #caatactt    660 gtgggaagta tgactattcc tctgaacatt ccaggaactc tttttcgtaa ag #ctgtcaag    720 gcacgggcga agctggacga aattcttttt gctttgatag agaacagaag aa #gagagctg    780 agatcgggcc taaattctgg taatcaagat cttctgtcgt ccttgctcac ct #tcaaagat    840 gaaaaaggga atccactgac agacaaggag atcctcgaca acttctctgt ta #tgcttcat    900 gcctcgtatg acactactgt ttcaccaacg gtcttgatat tgaagcttct cg #cctccaat    960 cctgaatgct atgaaaaagt tgttcaagag cagttgggaa tacttgctag ta #aaaaggag   1020 ggagaagaag tcaattggaa ggatctgaaa gctatgccat atacatggca ag #caattcag   1080 gaacccctaa gnatgccccn ccagcttttg gaatgtttcg aagagctttc cc #tgatattc   1140 agttggaagg ctatacaatt ccaaaaggat gggcaattgt gtggccanct ta #tagtcaat   1200 gggagagaag agttcttcaa tgaaccagac aaattcaagc cttccagatt cg #aggaagga   1260 aagcccctgg atccttacac attcatacca ttcggagcag gggtacgcat at #gtgcagga   1320 tgggaatttg caaaggctga actattactg tttgtccatc cctttgttaa aa #acttcagc   1380 ggttgcatta taattgatcc gaatgaaaaa atttcagggg atccattccc tc #cactccct   1440 accagtggac aactcatgaa acttattccg agatca       #                   #     1476 <210> SEQ ID NO 48 <211> LENGTH: 1503 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(1503) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: “n” equals any olig #onucleotide <400> SEQUENCE: 48 atggatagct tcaatttctt gagaggcatt ggagcagatt ttgggggatt ca #ttcagttc     60 cagtcttccc ctgctgttct ttccctttcc ctgatcacaa ctattcttgg cg #ttctactt    120 ctctggttct tccttcataa aaacggttcc tctgttactc tcccccctgg aa #atttaggc    180 ttccctttca ttggggagac cataccattc ttgagggcac ttcgatcaga aa #cacctcag    240 acgttttttg atgagagggt gaagaaattc ggtgttgtat tcaagactcg ga #tagttggg    300 catcccacag ttgtactctg cgggcctgag ggaaaccgct ttcttctctc ca #acgaggac    360 aaactggtgc aggcgtcatt gcccaactct tccgagaaac taattgggaa at #attccatt    420 ctgtccaaaa gaggggagga gcatcgcata ttacgtgctg cacttgcccg ct #ttttgcga    480 ccccaagctt tgcagggtta tgttgctaaa atgagttcag aaatccaaca tc #atatcaag    540 caaaaatgga agggaaatga tgaagtgaag gtgcttcctc tgataagaac cc #tgatcttc    600 aacattgcaa gcagcctgtt tttcggcata aatgatgaac accaacagga ac #agcttcat    660 catcttttgg aagccattgt tctgggaagt ctgtctgttc cgctcgactt tc #caggaact    720 cgttttcgta aagctcttga tgcgcggtct aagctggatg agattctttc tt #ctttaatg    780 gagagcagaa gaagggatct gcgtttgggc acggcttctg agaatcaaga tc #ttctttct    840 gtgttgctca ccttcaaaga tgaaagaggg aatccactca cagacaagga aa #tcttcgac    900 aatttttcat ttatgcttca tgcctcgtat gataccactg tttcaccaac gg #gtttgatg    960 cttaagcttc tcttctctag tcctgattgc tatgaaaaac tagttcaaga ac #aattggga   1020 atagttggca ataaaaagga gggagaagaa atcagctgga acgatctgaa ag #ctatgaaa   1080 tatacatgca aggttgtgca ggaaagtatg aggatgctcc ctccagtttt tg #gatcgtat   1140 cgcaaggcta ncacctatat ccattatgat gggtatacaa ttccaaaagg at #ggaatata   1200 ttctggtcac cttatactac acacgggaaa gaagaatact tcaatgaagc gg #acaagttc   1260 atgccttcga gattcgagga aggcaaatat gttgctcctt acacattctt gc #cattcgga   1320 gcaggtctgc gcgtatgtcc aggatgggaa tttgcaaaga ccgagatatt ac #tgttcgtc   1380 catcatttta ttacaacttt cagcagctac atcccaattg accccaaaga ta #aaatttca   1440 ggggatccat ttcctcctct gcctaccaat ggattttcca tgaaactttt ta #ccagatct   1500 taa                   #                   #                   #           1503 <210> SEQ ID NO 49 <211> LENGTH: 1452 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 49 atggatacct taattcagat ccagtcttcc cctgatttcc tttcctttac tc #tcacagcg     60 tttctgggcg ttgttgtgct tttgatattc cgttataaac accgatccgc tc #tcaaactt    120 ccacctggaa atttaggctt gcccttcatt ggggagacaa taacatttgc at #ctcaacct    180 cctcagaagt ttttaaacga gagggggaag aaatttggtc ctgttttcaa ga #cgtcgcta    240 attgggcatc ccacagttgt tctctgcggc tcctcgggaa accgttttct cc #tctccaac    300 gaggaaaagc tggtgcggat gtctttgccc aactcataca tgaaactcct gg #ggcaggat    360 tcccttctgg ggaaaacggg acaggaacat cggattgtgc gtaccgcact ag #gacgtttt    420 ttgggccccc aagagttgca gaatcatgtg gccaagatga gttcagacat tc #agcatcac    480 atcaaccaaa aatggaaggg gaatgatgaa gtgaaggtgc ttcctctgat aa #ggaacctt    540 gtcttctcca ttgcaaccag cttgtttttc ggtataaacg atgagcacca ac #aggagcga    600 cttcatcttc ttttggaaac tattgtaatg ggagctgtgt gtattccgct cg #cctttcca    660 ggatctggtt ttcgtaaagc gcttcaggca cggtcggagc tcgatggaat tc #tcatttct    720 ttaatgaaaa tcagaagaag cgatctgcgt tcaggcgcag cttcaagcaa cc #aagatcta    780 ctgtcggtgt tgctcacctt caaagatgaa agaggaaatc cattgacaga ca #aggagatc    840 ctcgacaact tctctgttct acttcatggc ttatatgaca ccacaatttc ac #cactcacc    900 ttgattttta agctcatgtc ctccaatact gaatgctacg agaatgtagt cc #aagagcaa    960 ttagaaatac tttcccatag agagaaggga gaggagatcg gttggaagga tc #tgaaatct   1020 atgaaatata cttggcaagc cattcaggaa accttgagaa tgttccctcc gg #tttacgga   1080 aattttcgca aggctttgac tgatattcat tacgatggct atacaatccc aa #aagggtgg   1140 agggttttat gttcgccttt taccacgcac agcaatgaag aatattttaa tg #agccagat   1200 gaattcagac cttcaagatt cgaggggcaa ggaaagaatg tgccttctta ca #cattcata   1260 ccgttcggag gcggcctgcg catatgtcca ggatgggaat ttgcaaagac ag #agatgtta   1320 ctgtttatac attattttgt taaaactttc agcagctacg tcccagttga cc #ccaacgaa   1380 aagatttcag cagatccgct cgcttctttc cctgttaatg gattctccgt aa #aacttttt   1440 ccaaggtcct aa               #                   #                   #     1452 <210> SEQ ID NO 50 <211> LENGTH: 1512 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(1512) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: “n” equals any olig #onucleotide <400> SEQUENCE: 50 atggacgctt ttaatatttt aaagggccct gctgcaaaac ttaatggagt cg #tgcagctc     60 ggctcttaca ccgatcgtat tctttccatt acagtcgttg ccttcattac ta #ttctcctg    120 ttgctcatgc tccgttggaa aagccagtct tctgtgaagc ttcccccggg ga #actttggc    180 ttccctttga tcggcgaaac attacaattg ttgagggcat ttcgatctaa ca #cgactcaa    240 cagttttttg atgagaggca aaaaaaattt ggttgtgttt tcaagacatc ac #tagtcgga    300 gaacgcacgg tagtactctg cggtccgtct ggaaaccgtt tagtgctcgc ca #accagaac    360 aaggtggtgg agtcatcgtg gccgagcgct ttcatcaaac tcatcggaga gg #attccatt    420 gccaacacaa acggagagaa gcatcggatc ttacgcgccg cactgcttag at #atcttggt    480 cccgggtcgt tacagaatta tgtggggaaa atgaggtcag aaatcgaaca tc #atatcaat    540 gagaaatgga agggaaaaga tgaagtgaag gtgctcgatt tggtaagaaa ga #atgtcttc    600 tccgttgcaa ccgccttgtt tttcggtgtn aatgacgagg aaagaaaaag ga #tccgacct    660 ccatcaatct tgcggaaact gcactttgcg ggcagttttt ctattccgct gg #actttcca    720 ggaactagtt atcggagagc tctggaggca cggttgaagc tggataaaat cc #tctcttct    780 ctgatagaaa ggagaagaag cgatctgcgc tcgggcttgg catctggtaa tg #aggatctg    840 gtctccgtgt tgctcacctt caaagacgaa ggaggaaatc ctctgacaga ca #aggagatc    900 ctcgataatt tctccgggct acttcacgca tcgtatgaca ccacaacttc ag #cactcacc    960 ttgacattca agctcatgtc ctcctctgct gaatgctatg acaaagtagt tc #aagagcaa   1020 ctgagaatag tttccaataa aaaggaggga gaagaaatca gcttgaaaga tc #tgaaagac   1080 atgaaatata catggcaagt ggtgcaggaa actctgagga tgttccctcc gc #ttttcgga   1140 tcatttcgga agaccatcgc cgacattcag tacgatggct atacaattcc aa #aaggatgg   1200 aaagttttat gggcaactta taccacacat gggagagatg agtatttcag tg #agccccaa   1260 aaattcaggc cttcgagatt cgaagaggga ggaaagcatg tggctcctta ca #cattcttg   1320 cccttcgaag gaggggagcg cacctgtcca ggatatgaat tttcaaagac tc #atatatta   1380 ctgttcatcc accaatttgt taaaactttc actggttaca tcccgcttga tc #caaacgaa   1440 agcatttcgg cgaatccgct cccccctcta cctgccaatg gatttcctgt aa #aacttttt   1500 caaaggtcct aa               #                   #                   #     1512 <210> SEQ ID NO 51 <211> LENGTH: 1494 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 51 atggatagct tcatttttct gagaagcata ggaacaaaat ttgggcagct gg #agtcttcc     60 cctgctattc tttcccttac cctcgcacct attctcgcca ttattcttct ct #tgctcttc    120 cgttacaatc accgatcctc tgttaaactt ccccctggaa agttaggttt tc #ctctcatc    180 ggggagacca tacaattatt gcggacactc cgatcagaaa cacctcaaaa gt #tttttgat    240 gatagattga agaaattcgg tcctgtttac atgacttccc taattgggca tc #ccacagtt    300 gtactctgcg ggcctgcggg aaacaaatta gttctttcga acgaggacaa gc #tggtagag    360 atggaagggc ccaagtcttt catgaaactg attggggaag attccattgt tg #ctaaaaga    420 ggcgaggatc atcgcatctt acgcactgca cttgctcggt ttttgggcgc tc #aagcttta    480 caaaattatc tgggtagaat gagttcagaa ataggacacc atttcaatga aa #aatggaag    540 ggtaaagatg aagtgaaggt gcttcctttg gtaagagggc ttatcttctc ca #ttgcaagc    600 accctgtttt tcgatgtaaa tgatggacac caacagaagc aacttcatca tc #ttctggaa    660 actattcttg tgggaagttt gtcagtcccg ctggactttc caggaactcg tt #atcgtaaa    720 gggcttcagg cgcggctgaa gcttgatgaa attctctcct ctctaataaa ac #gcagaaga    780 agagatctgc gttcaggcat agcttctgat gatcaagatc tactgtcggt gt #tgctcacc    840 ttcagagatg aaaaagggaa ctcactgaca gaccagggga ttctggacaa ct #tttctgct    900 atgtttcatg cttcatatga caccactgtt gcaccaatgg ccttgatatt ta #agcttcta    960 tactccaatc ctgaatacca tgaaaaagta tttcaagagc agttggaaat aa #ttggcaat   1020 aaaaaggaag gggaagaaat cagttggaag gatttgaaat ctatgaaata ta #catggcaa   1080 gcagttcaag aatcactacg aatgtaccca ccagtttttg gaatatttcg ta #aggctatc   1140 actgatattc attatgatgg gtatacaatt ccaaaaggat ggagggtttt at #gttcacct   1200 tatactacac atctgagaga agagtacttc cctgagcctg aagaattcag gc #cttcaaga   1260 tttgaggatg aaggcaggca tgtgactcct tacacatatg taccatttgg ag #gaggcctg   1320 cgcacatgtc caggatggga attttcaaag attgaaatat tactgtttgt cc #atcatttc   1380 gttaaaaatt tcagcagcta cattccagtt gatcccaatg aaaaagtttt at #cagatcca   1440 ctacctcctc tccctgccaa tggattttcc ataaaacttt ttccgagatc ct #aa         1494 <210> SEQ ID NO 52 <211> LENGTH: 1524 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(1524) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: “n” equals any olig #onucleotide <400> SEQUENCE: 52 atggaaacta aatttgggca acttatgcag ctngagtttc ttccctttat cc #tcacacct     60 attctcggcg cccttgttct tctccatctc ttccgtcata gaaaccgatc ct #ctgttaaa    120 cttccacctg gaaagttagg tttccccgtc attggggaga cgatacagtt cc #tgagggca    180 cttcgatcac aaacacctca aaagtttttc gatgatagag tgcagaaatt tg #gtggtgtt    240 ttcaagactt cactaattgg aaatccccta gtggtcatgt gcgggcctgc gg #gaaaccgg    300 ttagttctgt ccaacgagga caagcttgtg cagttggaag cgcccaattc ct #tgatgaaa    360 ctgatggggc aggactccct cctggccaaa agacaagagg accaccgcac ct #tacgtgct    420 gcactagccc ggtttttagg cccccaagct ctacanaatt atatgactaa aa #tcagttca    480 agaaccgaac atcatatgaa tgaaaaatgg aagggaaaag atgaagtgag ga #cgcttcct    540 ttgataagag agctcatctt ctccaatgca agcagcttgt ttttcgatat ca #atgatgag    600 caccaacagg agcgacttca tcatcttttg gaagctgttg ttgttggaag ta #tgtctatt    660 ccgctggact ttccaggaac tcgcttacgt aaagcccttc aggcgcgatc ta #agctggat    720 gaaattctct cctctttaat aaaaagcaga agaaaagatc ttgtttcagg ga #tagcttct    780 gatgatcaag atctactgtc ggtgttgctc accttcaaag acgagagagg aa #atccactg    840 accgacaaag agatcctcga caacttttct cttctgcttc atgcctcgta tg #acaccact    900 gtttccccaa tggttttgac attgaagctc ctctcctcca atccagaatg ct #atgaaaaa    960 gtagttcaag agcaattggg aatagttgcc aataaaagga taggagaaga aa #tcagctgg   1020 aaggatttga aagccatgaa atacacatgg caagtagttc aggaaacact ga #gaatgttc   1080 cctccacttt ttggatcatt tcgcaaggct atggttgata ttgattatga tg #gctacaca   1140 attccgaaag gatggatgat tttatggaca acttacggta cacacctgag ag #aagagtac   1200 ttcaatgaac cgttgaaatt taggccttca agatttgaag aagacgggcg tg #tgactcct   1260 tacacattca taccattcgg aggaggcgcg cgcacatgcc caggatggga at #tttcaaag   1320 acggagatat tactgttcat ccatcatttt gttagaactt tcagcagcta cc #tcccagtt   1380 gactccaacg aaaaaatttc agcagatcca ttccctcccc tccctgccaa tg #ggttctcc   1440 ataaaacttt cagcagatcc attccctccc ctccctgcca atgggttctc ca #taaaactt   1500 tttcccagat ctcaatccaa ttga           #                   #              1524 <210> SEQ ID NO 53 <211> LENGTH: 1539 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(1539) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: “n” equals any olig #onucleotide <400> SEQUENCE: 53 atggcttatc cggagttgct cgaaaattta tcgggagacc gagctcaatc tc #cagcaata     60 gccgcggtgc ttacaatttt attcttgttg gggattttct acatactgcg cg #ggctgaga    120 aacaatggaa gaagattgcc ccccggccca attccatggc cgatcgtggg aa #atctccac    180 cagttgggaa agcttcccaa ccgtaatctg gaagagctcg caaagaaaca cg #gacccatc    240 atgctcatga aattgggttc cgttcctgcc gttatcgttt cttcctctgc ca #tggcaaaa    300 gaagttctga aaactcatga tctggttttc gccagccgac ccgaaagcgc cg #caggaaaa    360 tacatagcgt ataattacaa ggatatagtt ttctctccct acggacctta ct #ggagacag    420 atgaagaaaa tatgcgtggt ggaattgttg aatgccagaa gaatcgagtc gt #tgagatcc    480 gtaagagagg aagaggtgtc tgttataatt cgttcggtgt gggagaagag ca #agcagggt    540 gcggtcgccg tcaatctgag caagacgctg tcatccctta cacagggact ca #tgttgcag    600 atcttttcca gtaacgatga cggcgggaat agcagcgtca ccgccattaa ag #aaatgatg    660 tcggaggtgt ctgagacggc gggagctttt aacattggag attattttcc at #ggatggac    720 tggatggatt tgcagggtat acagcggcgc atgacgaagg cacacgatta tt #tcgaccag    780 gtcattacga aaattataga gcaacaccag aggacgagag cgatggagga ca #ctcaacaa    840 ccaaaagaca taattgacgc cctgttgcag atggagaaca ccgatggcgt ca #ccatcaca    900 atggaaaata tcaaagccgt cgttttgggt atttttctgg gcggagcgga ga #cgacgtcc    960 actacgttgg aatgggcgat gagcgcgatg cttgaaaacc ctgaggtggc ca #agaaagtg   1020 caagaagaga tcgaatccgt tgtgggaaga aagagggtgg tgaaagaaat ga #tctgggaa   1080 agtatggaat acctgcaatg tgtggtgaaa aagacgatga gattatatcc gg #cggtgcct   1140 ttgcttatcc cgcacgaatc gacccaagat tgcactgtca atggatactt ca #ttcctgaa   1200 agaaccagaa ttctcgttaa cgcgtgggcg ataggaaaag atccaaacgt gt #gggatgat   1260 gcgctggcat tcaaaccaaa aagatttttg ggcanaaatg tggacttgca aa #aaggaaaa   1320 gagtttttcg atatggttcc ctttggtgcg ggaaggaaag gatgcccagg gg #caagcatg   1380 gccgttgtga cgatggaaca tgcgttggca caactcatgc actgcttcca gt #ggcgcatt   1440 gaaggagagt tggatatgag tgaacgcttg gcagcctccg tgcaaaaaaa ag #tcgatctt   1500 tgtgttcttc cccaatggag gctaactagt agcccctga       #                   #  1539 <210> SEQ ID NO 54 <211> LENGTH: 1530 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 54 atggatgtct tttatccgtt aaaaagtaca gtagcaaaat ttaacgaatg tt #tccctgct     60 attcttttca ttgtcctcag tgctgttgct ggcattgttc tgcccctgct gc #tgttccta    120 cgttctaaac gccgttcctc tgttggacta cccccaggga aattaggtta cc #ctttcatt    180 ggcgagtcgt tactgttcct gaaggctctt cgatcaaaca cagttgaaca at #ttttggac    240 gagagagtga agaatttcgg gaatgtcttc aagacgtcat taattgggca tc #cgacagta    300 gttctctgcg ggcctgcagg aaaccggcta atcctggcga acgaggagaa gc #tggtgcag    360 atgtcgtggc ccaaatcctc tatgaaactc atgggggaga agtctattac tg #ccaaaagg    420 ggcgaaggcc atatgatcat ccgctccgca ctgcaaggct ttttcagccc tg #gtgctctg    480 cagaaataca taggccaaat gagtaaaaca atagaaaatc atattaatga ga #aatggaag    540 ggaaacgacc aagtgagtgt agttgctttg gtaggagatc tcgtcttcga ta #tttcggcc    600 tgtttgttct tcaatataaa tgagaagcat gaacgggaac gactgtttga gc #ttttggag    660 attatagctg tcggagtttt ggctgttccg gtggatcttc ccgggtttgc tt #accatcgg    720 gcacttcaag cacggtcgaa gcttaatgca attctctccg gtttgataga aa #agagaaaa    780 atggatctga gctcaggatt agcgactagc aatcaggatc ttctttctgt gt #ttctcacc    840 ttcaaagatg acagaggaaa tccatgcagc gatgaggaaa tcctcgacaa ct #tttccggg    900 ctgcttcatg gatcctatga caccactgtt tcagcaatgg cctgcgtttt ta #agcttttg    960 tcttccaatc ccgaatgcta tgaaaaagta gttcaagagc aattggggat ac #tttcgaat   1020 aaattggaag gagacgaaat cacatggaaa gatgtgaaat ccatgaaata ta #catggcaa   1080 gtcgttcagg aaacgttacg attgtatccg tcaatttttg gatcatttcg cc #aggccatc   1140 actgacattc attataatgg ttacataatt ccaaaagggt ggaagctttt gt #ggacacca   1200 tacacaacac atcccaagga aatgtatttc agtgagccgg agaaattcct gc #cttcgagg   1260 ttcgatcagg aagggaaact tgtagctcct tacacatttt taccctttgg tg #gaggccag   1320 cgttcatgtc caggatggga attttcaaag atggagattt tactgtcggt gc #atcatttt   1380 gttaaaacat tcagcacctt caccccagtt gacccagcag aaataattgc aa #gagattcc   1440 ctctgccctc tcccttccaa tgggttttct gtaaaacttt ttcctagatc ct #attcactt   1500 cacacaggca accaggtcaa gaaaatataa          #                   #         1530 <210> SEQ ID NO 55 <211> LENGTH: 1545 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 55 atggcattcg aagcagctac tgttattctt ttcactctgg ctgccctgtt gc #tagtcgtc     60 atacagcgcc gtagaattag aaggcacaaa ttgcagggga aggtgaaggc ac #cacaacct    120 ccttcatggc ccgttattgg gaatcttcat ctgcttacac agaaagtgcc ta #ttcaccga    180 attctatctt cgctttcgga gagctatgga ccaatcatgc atcttcaact cg #gtctccga    240 ccagctttgg ttattgcctc ttcagatctg gcgaaagaat gcttcacaac aa #atgacaaa    300 gccttcgctt ctcgcccacg tctgtctgca ggaaagcatg taggatatga ct #acaaaatc    360 ttcagtatgg ctccttacgg ttcctactgg cgaaaccttc ggaaaatgtg ca #cgatccag    420 atcctctctg caaccagaat tgactccttc agacacatcc gcgtagagga ag #tttctgct    480 ctcattcgtt cgttgtttga cagttgccag cgagaggaca ctccagtcaa ca #tgaaagcg    540 aggctctctg atctcacgtt tagtatcatc ctccgtatgg ttgccaacaa ga #aattatca    600 ggacctgttt attccgagga atacgaagaa gcggatcatt ttaaccagat ga #taaaacag    660 tctgtgttct tacttggagc atttgaggtt ggagatttcc tgccgtttct ca #agtggctt    720 gatcttcagg gtttcatagc tgctatgaaa aaactgcagc agaaaagaga tg #tctttatg    780 cagaaattgg tgattgatca ccgtgagaag agagggagag tcgatgcaaa tg #cacaagac    840 ttaattgatg ttctcatctc tgcaacagac aaccatgaaa ttcagtccga ta #gtaacgac    900 gatgttgtga aagccaccgc ccttacaatg ctgaacgcag gtacagatac at #cctcggtg    960 accatcgaat gggcattggc ggctctgatg cagcaccctc atattttgag ca #aagcccag   1020 caggagctcg acacgcatat cggacgcagc cgattactag aggaagcaga tc #tgcacgag   1080 ctgaaatatt tgcaggcaat tgtgaaagaa acgttgaggc tatatccagc cg #cacctctc   1140 ttagttcctc acgaagccat tgaggattgc actgttggag ggtaccatgt ct #ccgcagga   1200 acgcgactga ttgtgaatgc ttgggcaatt cacagagacc cggcagtgtg gg #aacggccg   1260 accgtgttcg atcctgaacg gtttttgaag agcggaaaag aggttgacgt aa #aagggcgg   1320 gagtttgaat tgattccgtt tggttcaggg agaagaatgt gtccgggcat ga #gtctggca   1380 ttgagtgttg ttacgtatac gctggggagg ctgctgcaga gcttcgagtg gt #ctgttcca   1440 gaaggtatga taattgacat gacggaaggt ttgggactca caatgcccaa ag #cagttccg   1500 ttggagacca ttatcaaacc tcgccttccc ttccatctct actga    #                1545 <210> SEQ ID NO 56 <211> LENGTH: 484 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 56 Met Asp Thr Phe Ile Gln His Glu Ser Ser Pr #o Leu Leu Leu Ser Leu   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Thr Leu Ala Val Ile Leu Gly Thr Ile Leu Le #u Leu Ile Leu Ser Gly              20      #             25      #             30 Lys Gln Tyr Arg Ser Ser Arg Lys Leu Pro Pr #o Gly Asn Met Gly Phe          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Leu Ile Gly Glu Thr Ile Ala Leu Ile Se #r Asp Thr Pro Arg Lys      50              #     55              #     60 Phe Ile Asp Asp Arg Val Lys Lys Phe Gly Le #u Val Phe Lys Thr Ser  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Leu Ile Gly His Pro Ala Val Val Ile Cys Gl #y Ser Ser Ala Asn Arg                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Phe Leu Leu Ser Asn Glu Glu Lys Leu Val Ar #g Met Ser Leu Pro Asn             100       #           105       #           110 Ala Val Leu Lys Leu Leu Gly Gln Asp Cys Va #l Met Gly Lys Thr Gly         115           #       120           #       125 Val Glu His Gly Ile Val Arg Thr Ala Leu Al #a Arg Ala Leu Gly Pro     130               #   135               #   140 Gln Ala Leu Gln Asn Tyr Val Ala Lys Met Se #r Ser Glu Ile Glu His 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 His Ile Asn Gln Lys Trp Lys Gly Lys Asp Gl #u Val Lys Val Leu Pro                 165   #               170   #               175 Leu Ile Arg Ser Leu Val Phe Ser Ile Ser Th #r Ser Leu Phe Phe Gly             180       #           185       #           190 Ile Asn Asp Glu His Gln Gln Lys Arg Leu Hi #s His Leu Leu Glu Thr         195           #       200           #       205 Val Ala Met Gly Leu Val Ser Ile Pro Leu As #p Phe Pro Gly Thr Arg     210               #   215               #   220 Phe Arg Lys Ala Leu Tyr Ala Arg Ser Lys Le #u Asp Glu Ile Met Ser 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Ser Val Ile Glu Arg Arg Arg Ser Asp Leu Ar #g Ser Gly Ala Ala Ser                 245   #               250   #               255 Ser Asp Gln Asp Leu Leu Ser Val Leu Val Th #r Phe Lys Asp Glu Arg             260       #           265       #           270 Gly Asn Ser Phe Ala Asp Lys Glu Ile Leu As #p Asn Phe Ser Phe Leu         275           #       280           #       285 Leu His Ala Leu Tyr Asp Thr Thr Ile Ser Pr #o Leu Thr Leu Ile Phe     290               #   295               #   300 Lys Leu Leu Ser Ser Ser Pro Glu Cys Tyr Gl #u Asn Ile Ala Gln Glu 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Gln Leu Glu Ile Leu Gly Asn Lys Lys Asp Ar #g Glu Glu Ile Ser Trp                 325   #               330   #               335 Lys Asp Leu Lys Asp Met Lys Tyr Thr Trp Gl #n Ala Val Gln Glu Thr             340       #           345       #           350 Leu Arg Met Phe Pro Pro Val Tyr Gly Tyr Il #e Arg Glu Ala Leu Thr         355           #       360           #       365 Asp Ile Asp Tyr Asp Gly Tyr Thr Ile Pro Ly #s Gly Trp Arg Ile Leu     370               #   375               #   380 Cys Ser Pro His Thr Thr His Ser Lys Glu Gl #u Tyr Phe Asp Glu Pro 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Glu Glu Phe Arg Pro Ser Arg Phe Glu Asp Gl #n Gly Arg His Val Ala                 405   #               410   #               415 Pro Tyr Thr Phe Ile Pro Phe Gly Gly Gly Le #u Arg Ile Cys Ala Gly             420       #           425       #           430 Trp Glu Phe Ala Lys Met Glu Ile Leu Leu Ph #e Met His His Phe Val         435           #       440           #       445 Lys Thr Phe Ser His Phe Ile Pro Val Asp Pr #o Asn Glu Lys Ile Ser     450               #   455               #   460 Arg Asp Pro Leu Pro Pro Ile Pro Val Lys Gl #y Phe Ser Ile Lys Pro 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Phe Pro Arg Ser <210> SEQ ID NO 57 <211> LENGTH: 484 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 57 Met Leu Ile Glu Met Asp Thr Phe Val Gln Le #u Glu Ser Ser Pro Val   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Leu Leu Ser Leu Thr Leu Thr Leu Ile Leu Le #u Phe Ile Phe Cys Ser              20      #             25      #             30 Lys Gln Tyr Arg Ser Ser Leu Lys Leu Pro Pr #o Gly Asn Met Gly Phe          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Leu Ile Gly Glu Thr Ile Ala Leu Ala Se #r Gln Thr Pro Asp Lys      50              #     55              #     60 Phe Phe Gly Asp Arg Met Lys Lys Phe Gly Ly #s Val Phe Lys Thr Ser  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Leu Ile Gly His Pro Thr Ile Val Leu Cys Gl #y Ser Ser Gly Asn Arg                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Phe Leu Leu Ser Asn Glu Glu Lys Leu Val Ar #g Met Phe Pro Pro Asn             100       #           105       #           110 Ser Ser Ser Lys Leu Leu Gly Gln Asp Ser Va #l Leu Gly Lys Ile Gly         115           #       120           #       125 Glu Glu His Arg Ile Val Arg Thr Ala Leu Al #a Arg Cys Leu Gly Pro     130               #   135               #   140 Gln Ala Leu Gln Asn Tyr Val Ser Lys Met Se #r Ser Glu Ile Gln Arg 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 His Ile Asn Gln Lys Trp Lys Gly Lys Gly Gl #u Val Lys Met Leu Pro                 165   #               170   #               175 Leu Ile Arg Ser Leu Val Phe Ser Ile Ala Th #r Ser Leu Phe Phe Gly             180       #           185       #           190 Ile Thr Asp Glu Gln Gln Gln Glu Arg Leu Hi #s His Leu Leu Glu Thr         195           #       200           #       205 Val Val Thr Gly Leu Leu Cys Ile Pro Leu As #p Phe Pro Gly Thr Thr     210               #   215               #   220 Phe Arg Lys Ala Leu His Ala Arg Ser Lys Le #u Asp Glu Ile Met Ser 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Ser Val Ile Glu Arg Arg Arg Asn Asp Leu Ar #g Leu Gly Ala Ala Ser                 245   #               250   #               255 Ser Asp Gln Asp Leu Leu Ser Val Leu Leu Th #r Phe Lys Asp Glu Arg             260       #           265       #           270 Gly Asn Pro Phe Ala Asp Lys Glu Ile Leu As #p Asn Phe Ser Phe Leu         275           #       280           #       285 Leu His Ala Leu Tyr Asp Thr Thr Ile Ser Pr #o Leu Thr Leu Val Phe     290               #   295               #   300 Lys Leu Val Ser Ser Asn Pro Glu Cys Tyr Gl #u Asn Ile Ala Gln Glu 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Gln Leu Glu Ile Leu Arg Asn Lys Lys Asp Gl #y Glu Asp Ile Ser Trp                 325   #               330   #               335 Ala Asp Leu Lys Asp Met Lys Tyr Thr Trp Gl #n Ala Val Gln Glu Thr             340       #           345       #           350 Leu Arg Met Cys Pro Pro Val Tyr Gly Asn Ph #e Arg Lys Ala Leu Thr         355           #       360           #       365 Asp Ile His Tyr Asp Gly Tyr Thr Ile Pro Ly #s Gly Trp Arg Ile Leu     370               #   375               #   380 Cys Ser Pro Tyr Thr Thr His Ser Lys Glu Gl #u Tyr Phe Asp Asp Pro 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Glu Lys Phe Arg Pro Ser Arg Phe Glu Glu Gl #n Gly Arg Asp Val Ala                 405   #               410   #               415 Pro Tyr Thr Phe Ile Pro Phe Gly Gly Gly Le #u Arg Ile Cys Pro Gly             420       #           425       #           430 Arg Glu Phe Ala Lys Met Glu Ile Leu Val Ph #e Met His His Phe Val         435           #       440           #       445 Lys Ala Phe Ser Ser Phe Ile Pro Val Asp Pr #o Asn Glu Lys Ile Ser     450               #   455               #   460 Thr Asp Pro Leu Pro Ser Ile Pro Val Asn Gl #y Phe Ser Ile Asn Leu 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Val Pro Arg Ser <210> SEQ ID NO 58 <211> LENGTH: 501 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 58 Met Asp Ser Phe Ser Phe Leu Lys Ser Met Gl #u Ala Lys Phe Gly Gln   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Val Ile His Arg Asp Gln Ser Ser Ser Thr Al #a Leu Leu Ser Leu Ala              20      #             25      #             30 Phe Thr Ala Ala Val Ala Ile Phe Leu Val Le #u Leu Phe Arg Phe Lys          35          #         40          #         45 Ser Arg Pro Ser Thr Asn Phe Pro Pro Gly As #n Phe Gly Phe Pro Phe      50              #     55              #     60 Ile Gly Glu Thr Ile Gln Phe Leu Arg Ala Le #u Arg Ser Glu Ser Pro  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 His Met Phe Phe Asp Glu Arg Leu Lys Lys Ph #e Gly Arg Val Phe Lys                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Thr Ser Leu Thr Gly His Pro Thr Ala Val Ph #e Cys Gly Pro Ala Gly             100       #           105       #           110 Asn Arg Phe Ile Tyr Ser Asn Glu His Lys Le #u Val Gln Ser Ser Gly         115           #       120           #       125 Pro Asn Ser Phe Val Lys Leu Val Gly Gln Gl #n Ser Ile Val Thr Lys     130               #   135               #   140 Thr Gly Glu Glu His Arg Ile Phe Leu Gly Va #l Leu Asn Glu Phe Leu 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Gly Pro His Ala Leu Gln Ser Tyr Thr Pro Ly #s Met Ser Ser Lys Ile                 165   #               170   #               175 Gln Glu Asn Ile Asn Lys His Trp Lys Gly Ly #s Asp Glu Val Asn Met             180       #           185       #           190 Leu Pro Ser Ile Arg Gln Leu Val Phe Ser Il #e Ser Ser Ser Leu Phe         195           #       200           #       205 Phe Asp Ile Asn Asp Glu Asp Gln Gln Glu Gl #n Leu Lys Thr Leu Leu     210               #   215               #   220 Glu Thr Ile Leu Val Gly Thr Leu Ser Val Pr #o Leu Asp Ile Pro Gly 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Ser Asn Phe Arg Lys Ala Leu Arg Ala Arg Se #r Lys Leu Asp Glu Ile                 245   #               250   #               255 Leu Ser Arg Leu Ile Glu Ser Arg Arg Lys As #p Met Arg Ser Gly Ile             260       #           265       #           270 Ala Ser Thr Ser Lys Asn Leu Leu Ser Val Le #u Leu Ala Phe Lys Asp         275           #       280           #       285 Glu Arg Gly Asn Pro Leu Thr Asp Thr Glu Il #e Leu Asp Asn Phe Ser     290               #   295               #   300 Phe Met Leu His Ala Ser Tyr Asp Thr Thr Va #l Ser Pro Thr Val Cys 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Ile Phe Lys Leu Leu Ser Ala Asn Pro Glu Cy #s Tyr Glu Lys Val Val                 325   #               330   #               335 Gln Glu Gln Leu Gly Ile Leu Gly Asn Lys Ly #s Asp Gly Glu Glu Met             340       #           345       #           350 Cys Trp Asn Asp Leu Lys Ala Met Lys Tyr Th #r Trp Gln Ala Ala Gln         355           #       360           #       365 Glu Thr Met Arg Leu Phe Pro Pro Ala Phe Gl #y Ser Phe Arg Lys Val     370               #   375               #   380 Ile Ala Asp Ile His His Asp Gly Tyr Ile Il #e Pro Lys Gly Trp Lys 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Ala Met Val Thr Asn Tyr Ser Thr Ser Arg Ly #s Glu Glu Tyr Phe Asp                 405   #               410   #               415 Glu Pro Asp Asn Phe Lys Pro Ser Arg Phe Gl #y Asp Gly Lys Tyr Val             420       #           425       #           430 Ala Pro Tyr Thr Phe Leu Pro Phe Gly Ala Gl #y Ile Arg Ile Cys Pro         435           #       440           #       445 Gly Trp Glu Phe Ala Lys Leu Glu Met Leu Le #u Phe Ile His His Phe     450               #   455               #   460 Val Lys Asn Phe Ser Gly Tyr Leu Pro Leu As #p Thr Lys Glu Lys Ile 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Ser Gly Asp Pro Phe Pro Pro Leu Pro Lys As #n Gly Phe Pro Ile Lys                 485   #               490   #               495 Leu Phe Pro Arg Thr             500 <210> SEQ ID NO 59 <211> LENGTH: 500 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 59 Met Asp Ala Leu Ser Leu Val Asn Ser Thr Va #l Ala Lys Phe Asn Glu   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Val Thr Gln Leu Gln Ala Ser Pro Ala Ile Le #u Ser Thr Ala Leu Thr              20      #             25      #             30 Ala Ile Ala Gly Ile Ile Val Leu Leu Val Il #e Thr Ser Lys Arg Arg          35          #         40          #         45 Ser Ser Leu Lys Leu Pro Pro Gly Lys Leu Gl #y Leu Pro Phe Ile Gly      50              #     55              #     60 Glu Thr Leu Glu Phe Val Lys Ala Leu Arg Se #r Asp Thr Leu Arg Gln  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Phe Val Glu Glu Arg Glu Gly Lys Phe Gly Ar #g Val Phe Lys Thr Ser                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Leu Leu Gly Lys Pro Thr Val Ile Leu Cys Gl #y Pro Ala Gly Asn Arg             100       #           105       #           110 Leu Val Leu Ser Asn Glu Glu Lys Leu Leu Hi #s Val Ser Trp Ser Ala         115           #       120           #       125 Gln Ile Ala Arg Ile Leu Gly Leu Asn Ser Va #l Ala Val Lys Arg Gly     130               #   135               #   140 Asp Asp His Arg Val Leu Arg Val Ala Leu Al #a Gly Phe Leu Gly Ser 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Ala Gly Leu Gln Leu Tyr Ile Gly Lys Met Se #r Ala Leu Ile Arg Asn                 165   #               170   #               175 His Ile Asn Glu Lys Trp Lys Gly Lys Asp Gl #u Val Asn Val Leu Ser             180       #           185       #           190 Leu Val Arg Asp Leu Val Met Asp Asn Ser Al #a Ile Leu Phe Phe Asn         195           #       200           #       205 Ile Tyr Asp Lys Glu Arg Lys Gln Gln Leu Hi #s Glu Ile Leu Lys Ile     210               #   215               #   220 Ile Leu Ala Ser His Phe Gly Ile Pro Leu As #n Ile Pro Gly Phe Leu 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Tyr Arg Lys Ala Leu Lys Gly Ser Leu Lys Ar #g Lys Lys Ile Leu Ser                 245   #               250   #               255 Ala Leu Leu Glu Lys Arg Lys Asp Glu Leu Ar #g Ser Arg Leu Ala Ser             260       #           265       #           270 Ser Asn Gln Asp Leu Leu Ser Val Leu Leu Se #r Phe Arg Asp Glu Arg         275           #       280           #       285 Gly Lys Pro Leu Ser Asp Glu Ala Val Leu As #p Asn Cys Phe Ala Met     290               #   295               #   300 Leu Asp Ala Ser Tyr Asp Thr Thr Thr Ser Gl #n Met Thr Leu Ile Leu 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Lys Met Leu Ser Ser Asn Pro Glu Cys Phe Gl #u Lys Val Val Gln Glu                 325   #               330   #               335 Gln Leu Glu Ile Ala Ser Asn Lys Lys Glu Gl #y Glu Glu Ile Thr Met             340       #           345       #           350 Lys Asp Ile Lys Ala Met Lys Tyr Thr Trp Gl #n Val Leu Gln Glu Ser         355           #       360           #       365 Leu Arg Met Leu Ser Pro Val Phe Gly Thr Le #u Arg Lys Thr Met Asn     370               #   375               #   380 Asp Ile Asn His Asp Gly Tyr Thr Ile Pro Ly #s Gly Trp Gln Val Val 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Trp Thr Thr Tyr Ser Thr His Gln Lys Asp Il #e Tyr Phe Lys Gln Pro                 405   #               410   #               415 Asp Lys Phe Met Pro Ser Arg Phe Glu Glu Gl #u Asp Gly His Leu Asp             420       #           425       #           430 Ala Tyr Thr Phe Val Pro Phe Gly Gly Gly Ar #g Arg Thr Cys Pro Gly         435           #       440           #       445 Trp Glu Tyr Ala Lys Val Glu Ile Leu Leu Ph #e Leu His His Phe Val     450               #   455               #   460 Lys Ala Phe Ser Gly Tyr Thr Pro Thr Asp Pr #o His Glu Arg Ile Cys 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Gly Tyr Pro Val Pro Leu Val Pro Val Lys Gl #y Phe Pro Ile Lys Leu                 485   #               490   #               495 Ile Ala Arg Ser             500 <210> SEQ ID NO 60 <211> LENGTH: 492 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(492) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: “Xaa” equals any pe #ptide <400> SEQUENCE: 60 Met Asp Thr Ile Arg Ala Ser Phe Gly Glu Va #l Ile Gln Pro Glu Tyr   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Ser Pro Leu Ile Ile Ser Xaa Ala Leu Ala Al #a Phe Leu Gly Ile Val              20      #             25      #             30 Ile Phe Ser Ile Phe Ser Ser Thr Arg Arg Se #r Tyr Val Asn Leu Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Gly Asn Leu Gly Leu Pro Phe Ile Gly Gl #u Thr Ile Gln Phe Leu      50              #     55              #     60 Gly Ala Leu Gln Ser Glu Lys Pro His Thr Ph #e Phe Asp Glu Arg Val  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Lys Lys Phe Gly Lys Val Phe Lys Thr Ser Le #u Ile Gly Asp Pro Thr                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Val Val Leu Cys Gly Pro Ala Gly Asn Arg Le #u Val Leu Ser Asn Glu             100       #           105       #           110 Asp Lys Leu Val Gln Ser Ala Gly Pro Lys Se #r Phe Leu Lys Leu Phe         115           #       120           #       125 Gly Glu Asp Ser Val Ala Ala Lys Arg Glu Gl #u Ser His Arg Ile Leu     130               #   135               #   140 Arg Ser Ala Leu Gly Arg Phe Leu Gly Pro Hi #s Ala Leu Gln Asn Tyr 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Ile Gly Lys Met Asn Ser Glu Met Gln Arg Hi #s Phe Asp Asp Lys Trp                 165   #               170   #               175 Lys Gly Lys Asp Glu Val Lys Val Leu Pro Le #u Val Arg Gly Leu Ile             180       #           185       #           190 Phe Ser Ile Ala Thr Ser Leu Phe Phe Asn Il #e Asn Asp Asp Arg Gln         195           #       200           #       205 Arg Glu Gln Leu His Gly Leu Leu Asp Thr Il #e Leu Val Gly Ser Met     210               #   215               #   220 Thr Ile Pro Leu Asn Ile Pro Gly Thr Leu Ph #e Arg Lys Ala Val Lys 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Ala Arg Ala Lys Leu Asp Glu Ile Leu Phe Al #a Leu Ile Glu Asn Arg                 245   #               250   #               255 Arg Arg Glu Leu Arg Ser Gly Leu Asn Ser Gl #y Asn Gln Asp Leu Leu             260       #           265       #           270 Ser Ser Leu Leu Thr Phe Lys Asp Glu Lys Gl #y Asn Pro Leu Thr Asp         275           #       280           #       285 Lys Glu Ile Leu Asp Asn Phe Ser Val Met Le #u His Ala Ser Tyr Asp     290               #   295               #   300 Thr Thr Val Ser Pro Thr Val Leu Ile Leu Ly #s Leu Leu Ala Ser Asn 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Pro Glu Cys Tyr Glu Lys Val Val Gln Glu Gl #n Leu Gly Ile Leu Ala                 325   #               330   #               335 Ser Lys Lys Glu Gly Glu Glu Val Asn Trp Ly #s Asp Leu Lys Ala Met             340       #           345       #           350 Pro Tyr Thr Trp Gln Ala Ile Gln Glu Pro Le #u Xaa Met Pro Xaa Gln         355           #       360           #       365 Leu Leu Glu Cys Phe Glu Glu Leu Ser Leu Il #e Phe Ser Trp Lys Ala     370               #   375               #   380 Ile Gln Phe Gln Lys Asp Gly Gln Leu Cys Gl #y Xaa Leu Ile Val Asn 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Gly Arg Glu Glu Phe Phe Asn Glu Pro Asp Ly #s Phe Lys Pro Ser Arg                 405   #               410   #               415 Phe Glu Glu Gly Lys Pro Leu Asp Pro Tyr Th #r Phe Ile Pro Phe Gly             420       #           425       #           430 Ala Gly Val Arg Ile Cys Ala Gly Trp Glu Ph #e Ala Lys Ala Glu Leu         435           #       440           #       445 Leu Leu Phe Val His Pro Phe Val Lys Asn Ph #e Ser Gly Cys Ile Ile     450               #   455               #   460 Ile Asp Pro Asn Glu Lys Ile Ser Gly Asp Pr #o Phe Pro Pro Leu Pro 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Thr Ser Gly Gln Leu Met Lys Leu Ile Pro Ar #g Ser                 485   #               490 <210> SEQ ID NO 61 <211> LENGTH: 500 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(500) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: “Xaa” equals any pe #ptide <400> SEQUENCE: 61 Met Asp Ser Phe Asn Phe Leu Arg Gly Ile Gl #y Ala Asp Phe Gly Gly   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Phe Ile Gln Phe Gln Ser Ser Pro Ala Val Le #u Ser Leu Ser Leu Ile              20      #             25      #             30 Thr Thr Ile Leu Gly Val Leu Leu Leu Trp Ph #e Phe Leu His Lys Asn          35          #         40          #         45 Gly Ser Ser Val Thr Leu Pro Pro Gly Asn Le #u Gly Phe Pro Phe Ile      50              #     55              #     60 Gly Glu Thr Ile Pro Phe Leu Arg Ala Leu Ar #g Ser Glu Thr Pro Gln  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Thr Phe Phe Asp Glu Arg Val Lys Lys Phe Gl #y Val Val Phe Lys Thr                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Arg Ile Val Gly His Pro Thr Val Val Leu Cy #s Gly Pro Glu Gly Asn             100       #           105       #           110 Arg Phe Leu Leu Ser Asn Glu Asp Lys Leu Va #l Gln Ala Ser Leu Pro         115           #       120           #       125 Asn Ser Ser Glu Lys Leu Ile Gly Lys Tyr Se #r Ile Leu Ser Lys Arg     130               #   135               #   140 Gly Glu Glu His Arg Ile Leu Arg Ala Ala Le #u Ala Arg Phe Leu Arg 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Pro Gln Ala Leu Gln Gly Tyr Val Ala Lys Me #t Ser Ser Glu Ile Gln                 165   #               170   #               175 His His Ile Lys Gln Lys Trp Lys Gly Asn As #p Glu Val Lys Val Leu             180       #           185       #           190 Pro Leu Ile Arg Thr Leu Ile Phe Asn Ile Al #a Ser Ser Leu Phe Phe         195           #       200           #       205 Gly Ile Asn Asp Glu His Gln Gln Glu Gln Le #u His His Leu Leu Glu     210               #   215               #   220 Ala Ile Val Leu Gly Ser Leu Ser Val Pro Le #u Asp Phe Pro Gly Thr 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Arg Phe Arg Lys Ala Leu Asp Ala Arg Ser Ly #s Leu Asp Glu Ile Leu                 245   #               250   #               255 Ser Ser Leu Met Glu Ser Arg Arg Arg Asp Le #u Arg Leu Gly Thr Ala             260       #           265       #           270 Ser Glu Asn Gln Asp Leu Leu Ser Val Leu Le #u Thr Phe Lys Asp Glu         275           #       280           #       285 Arg Gly Asn Pro Leu Thr Asp Lys Glu Ile Ph #e Asp Asn Phe Ser Phe     290               #   295               #   300 Met Leu His Ala Ser Tyr Asp Thr Thr Val Se #r Pro Thr Gly Leu Met 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Leu Lys Leu Leu Phe Ser Ser Pro Asp Cys Ty #r Glu Lys Leu Val Gln                 325   #               330   #               335 Glu Gln Leu Gly Ile Val Gly Asn Lys Lys Gl #u Gly Glu Glu Ile Ser             340       #           345       #           350 Trp Asn Asp Leu Lys Ala Met Lys Tyr Thr Cy #s Lys Val Val Gln Glu         355           #       360           #       365 Ser Met Arg Met Leu Pro Pro Val Phe Gly Se #r Tyr Arg Lys Ala Xaa     370               #   375               #   380 Thr Tyr Ile His Tyr Asp Gly Tyr Thr Ile Pr #o Lys Gly Trp Asn Ile 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Phe Trp Ser Pro Tyr Thr Thr His Gly Lys Gl #u Glu Tyr Phe Asn Glu                 405   #               410   #               415 Ala Asp Lys Phe Met Pro Ser Arg Phe Glu Gl #u Gly Lys Tyr Val Ala             420       #           425       #           430 Pro Tyr Thr Phe Leu Pro Phe Gly Ala Gly Le #u Arg Val Cys Pro Gly         435           #       440           #       445 Trp Glu Phe Ala Lys Thr Glu Ile Leu Leu Ph #e Val His His Phe Ile     450               #   455               #   460 Thr Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr Ile Pro Ile Asp Pr #o Lys Asp Lys Ile Ser 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Gly Asp Pro Phe Pro Pro Leu Pro Thr Asn Gl #y Phe Ser Met Lys Leu                 485   #               490   #               495 Phe Thr Arg Ser             500 <210> SEQ ID NO 62 <211> LENGTH: 483 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 62 Met Asp Thr Leu Ile Gln Ile Gln Ser Ser Pr #o Asp Phe Leu Ser Phe   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Thr Leu Thr Ala Phe Leu Gly Val Val Val Le #u Leu Ile Phe Arg Tyr              20      #             25      #             30 Lys His Arg Ser Ala Leu Lys Leu Pro Pro Gl #y Asn Leu Gly Leu Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Phe Ile Gly Glu Thr Ile Thr Phe Ala Ser Gl #n Pro Pro Gln Lys Phe      50              #     55              #     60 Leu Asn Glu Arg Gly Lys Lys Phe Gly Pro Va #l Phe Lys Thr Ser Leu  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Ile Gly His Pro Thr Val Val Leu Cys Gly Se #r Ser Gly Asn Arg Phe                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Leu Leu Ser Asn Glu Glu Lys Leu Val Arg Me #t Ser Leu Pro Asn Ser             100       #           105       #           110 Tyr Met Lys Leu Leu Gly Gln Asp Ser Leu Le #u Gly Lys Thr Gly Gln         115           #       120           #       125 Glu His Arg Ile Val Arg Thr Ala Leu Gly Ar #g Phe Leu Gly Pro Gln     130               #   135               #   140 Glu Leu Gln Asn His Val Ala Lys Met Ser Se #r Asp Ile Gln His His 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Ile Asn Gln Lys Trp Lys Gly Asn Asp Glu Va #l Lys Val Leu Pro Leu                 165   #               170   #               175 Ile Arg Asn Leu Val Phe Ser Ile Ala Thr Se #r Leu Phe Phe Gly Ile             180       #           185       #           190 Asn Asp Glu His Gln Gln Glu Arg Leu His Le #u Leu Leu Glu Thr Ile         195           #       200           #       205 Val Met Gly Ala Val Cys Ile Pro Leu Ala Ph #e Pro Gly Ser Gly Phe     210               #   215               #   220 Arg Lys Ala Leu Gln Ala Arg Ser Glu Leu As #p Gly Ile Leu Ile Ser 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Leu Met Lys Ile Arg Arg Ser Asp Leu Arg Se #r Gly Ala Ala Ser Ser                 245   #               250   #               255 Asn Gln Asp Leu Leu Ser Val Leu Leu Thr Ph #e Lys Asp Glu Arg Gly             260       #           265       #           270 Asn Pro Leu Thr Asp Lys Glu Ile Leu Asp As #n Phe Ser Val Leu Leu         275           #       280           #       285 His Gly Leu Tyr Asp Thr Thr Ile Ser Pro Le #u Thr Leu Ile Phe Lys     290               #   295               #   300 Leu Met Ser Ser Asn Thr Glu Cys Tyr Glu As #n Val Val Gln Glu Gln 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Leu Glu Ile Leu Ser His Arg Glu Lys Gly Gl #u Glu Ile Gly Trp Lys                 325   #               330   #               335 Asp Leu Lys Ser Met Lys Tyr Thr Trp Gln Al #a Ile Gln Glu Thr Leu             340       #           345       #           350 Arg Met Phe Pro Pro Val Tyr Gly Asn Phe Ar #g Lys Ala Leu Thr Asp         355           #       360           #       365 Ile His Tyr Asp Gly Tyr Thr Ile Pro Lys Gl #y Trp Arg Val Leu Cys     370               #   375               #   380 Ser Pro Phe Thr Thr His Ser Asn Glu Glu Ty #r Phe Asn Glu Pro Asp 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Glu Phe Arg Pro Ser Arg Phe Glu Gly Gln Gl #y Lys Asn Val Pro Ser                 405   #               410   #               415 Tyr Thr Phe Ile Pro Phe Gly Gly Gly Leu Ar #g Ile Cys Pro Gly Trp             420       #           425       #           430 Glu Phe Ala Lys Thr Glu Met Leu Leu Phe Il #e His Tyr Phe Val Lys         435           #       440           #       445 Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr Val Pro Val Asp Pro As #n Glu Lys Ile Ser Ala     450               #   455               #   460 Asp Pro Leu Ala Ser Phe Pro Val Asn Gly Ph #e Ser Val Lys Leu Phe 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Pro Arg Ser <210> SEQ ID NO 63 <211> LENGTH: 503 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 63 Met Asp Ala Phe Asn Ile Leu Lys Gly Pro Al #a Ala Lys Leu Asn Gly   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Val Val Gln Leu Gly Ser Tyr Thr Asp Arg Il #e Leu Ser Ile Thr Val              20      #             25      #             30 Val Ala Phe Ile Thr Ile Leu Leu Leu Leu Me #t Leu Arg Trp Lys Ser          35          #         40          #         45 Gln Ser Ser Val Lys Leu Pro Pro Gly Asn Ph #e Gly Phe Pro Leu Ile      50              #     55              #     60 Gly Glu Thr Leu Gln Leu Leu Arg Ala Phe Ar #g Ser Asn Thr Thr Gln  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Gln Phe Phe Asp Glu Arg Gln Lys Lys Phe Gl #y Cys Val Phe Lys Thr                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Ser Leu Val Gly Glu Arg Thr Val Val Leu Cy #s Gly Pro Ser Gly Asn             100       #           105       #           110 Arg Leu Val Leu Ala Asn Gln Asn Lys Val Va #l Glu Ser Ser Trp Pro         115           #       120           #       125 Ser Ala Phe Ile Lys Leu Ile Gly Glu Asp Se #r Ile Ala Asn Thr Asn     130               #   135               #   140 Gly Glu Lys His Arg Ile Leu Arg Ala Ala Le #u Leu Arg Tyr Leu Gly 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Pro Gly Ser Leu Gln Asn Tyr Val Gly Lys Me #t Arg Ser Glu Ile Glu                 165   #               170   #               175 His His Ile Asn Glu Lys Trp Lys Gly Lys As #p Glu Val Lys Val Leu             180       #           185       #           190 Asp Leu Val Arg Lys Asn Val Phe Ser Val Al #a Thr Ala Leu Phe Phe         195           #       200           #       205 Gly Val Asn Asp Glu Glu Arg Lys Arg Ile Ar #g Pro Pro Ser Ile Leu     210               #   215               #   220 Arg Lys Leu His Phe Ala Gly Ser Phe Ser Il #e Pro Leu Asp Phe Pro 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Gly Thr Ser Tyr Arg Arg Ala Leu Glu Ala Ar #g Leu Lys Leu Asp Lys                 245   #               250   #               255 Ile Leu Ser Ser Leu Ile Glu Arg Arg Arg Se #r Asp Leu Arg Ser Gly             260       #           265       #           270 Leu Ala Ser Gly Asn Glu Asp Leu Val Ser Va #l Leu Leu Thr Phe Lys         275           #       280           #       285 Asp Glu Gly Gly Asn Pro Leu Thr Asp Lys Gl #u Ile Leu Asp Asn Phe     290               #   295               #   300 Ser Gly Leu Leu His Ala Ser Tyr Asp Thr Th #r Thr Ser Ala Leu Thr 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Leu Thr Phe Lys Leu Met Ser Ser Ser Ala Gl #u Cys Tyr Asp Lys Val                 325   #               330   #               335 Val Gln Glu Gln Leu Arg Ile Val Ser Asn Ly #s Lys Glu Gly Glu Glu             340       #           345       #           350 Ile Ser Leu Lys Asp Leu Lys Asp Met Lys Ty #r Thr Trp Gln Val Val         355           #       360           #       365 Gln Glu Thr Leu Arg Met Phe Pro Pro Leu Ph #e Gly Ser Phe Arg Lys     370               #   375               #   380 Thr Ile Ala Asp Ile Gln Tyr Asp Gly Tyr Th #r Ile Pro Lys Gly Trp 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Lys Val Leu Trp Ala Thr Tyr Thr Thr His Gl #y Arg Asp Glu Tyr Phe                 405   #               410   #               415 Ser Glu Pro Gln Lys Phe Arg Pro Ser Arg Ph #e Glu Glu Gly Gly Lys             420       #           425       #           430 His Val Ala Pro Tyr Thr Phe Leu Pro Phe Gl #u Gly Gly Glu Arg Thr         435           #       440           #       445 Cys Pro Gly Tyr Glu Phe Ser Lys Thr His Il #e Leu Leu Phe Ile His     450               #   455               #   460 Gln Phe Val Lys Thr Phe Thr Gly Tyr Ile Pr #o Leu Asp Pro Asn Glu 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Ser Ile Ser Ala Asn Pro Leu Pro Pro Leu Pr #o Ala Asn Gly Phe Pro                 485   #               490   #               495 Val Lys Leu Phe Gln Arg Ser             500 <210> SEQ ID NO 64 <211> LENGTH: 497 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 64 Met Asp Ser Phe Ile Phe Leu Arg Ser Ile Gl #y Thr Lys Phe Gly Gln   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Leu Glu Ser Ser Pro Ala Ile Leu Ser Leu Th #r Leu Ala Pro Ile Leu              20      #             25      #             30 Ala Ile Ile Leu Leu Leu Leu Phe Arg Tyr As #n His Arg Ser Ser Val          35          #         40          #         45 Lys Leu Pro Pro Gly Lys Leu Gly Phe Pro Le #u Ile Gly Glu Thr Ile      50              #     55              #     60 Gln Leu Leu Arg Thr Leu Arg Ser Glu Thr Pr #o Gln Lys Phe Phe Asp  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Asp Arg Leu Lys Lys Phe Gly Pro Val Tyr Me #t Thr Ser Leu Ile Gly                  85  #                 90  #                 95 His Pro Thr Val Val Leu Cys Gly Pro Ala Gl #y Asn Lys Leu Val Leu             100       #           105       #           110 Ser Asn Glu Asp Lys Leu Val Glu Met Glu Gl #y Pro Lys Ser Phe Met         115           #       120           #       125 Lys Leu Ile Gly Glu Asp Ser Ile Val Ala Ly #s Arg Gly Glu Asp His     130               #   135               #   140 Arg Ile Leu Arg Thr Ala Leu Ala Arg Phe Le #u Gly Ala Gln Ala Leu 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Gln Asn Tyr Leu Gly Arg Met Ser Ser Glu Il #e Gly His His Phe Asn                 165   #               170   #               175 Glu Lys Trp Lys Gly Lys Asp Glu Val Lys Va #l Leu Pro Leu Val Arg             180       #           185       #           190 Gly Leu Ile Phe Ser Ile Ala Ser Thr Leu Ph #e Phe Asp Val Asn Asp         195           #       200           #       205 Gly His Gln Gln Lys Gln Leu His His Leu Le #u Glu Thr Ile Leu Val     210               #   215               #   220 Gly Ser Leu Ser Val Pro Leu Asp Phe Pro Gl #y Thr Arg Tyr Arg Lys 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Gly Leu Gln Ala Arg Leu Lys Leu Asp Glu Il #e Leu Ser Ser Leu Ile                 245   #               250   #               255 Lys Arg Arg Arg Arg Asp Leu Arg Ser Gly Il #e Ala Ser Asp Asp Gln             260       #           265       #           270 Asp Leu Leu Ser Val Leu Leu Thr Phe Arg As #p Glu Lys Gly Asn Ser         275           #       280           #       285 Leu Thr Asp Gln Gly Ile Leu Asp Asn Phe Se #r Ala Met Phe His Ala     290               #   295               #   300 Ser Tyr Asp Thr Thr Val Ala Pro Met Ala Le #u Ile Phe Lys Leu Leu 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Tyr Ser Asn Pro Glu Tyr His Glu Lys Val Ph #e Gln Glu Gln Leu Glu                 325   #               330   #               335 Ile Ile Gly Asn Lys Lys Glu Gly Glu Glu Il #e Ser Trp Lys Asp Leu             340       #           345       #           350 Lys Ser Met Lys Tyr Thr Trp Gln Ala Val Gl #n Glu Ser Leu Arg Met         355           #       360           #       365 Tyr Pro Pro Val Phe Gly Ile Phe Arg Lys Al #a Ile Thr Asp Ile His     370               #   375               #   380 Tyr Asp Gly Tyr Thr Ile Pro Lys Gly Trp Ar #g Val Leu Cys Ser Pro 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Tyr Thr Thr His Leu Arg Glu Glu Tyr Phe Pr #o Glu Pro Glu Glu Phe                 405   #               410   #               415 Arg Pro Ser Arg Phe Glu Asp Glu Gly Arg Hi #s Val Thr Pro Tyr Thr             420       #           425       #           430 Tyr Val Pro Phe Gly Gly Gly Leu Arg Thr Cy #s Pro Gly Trp Glu Phe         435           #       440           #       445 Ser Lys Ile Glu Ile Leu Leu Phe Val His Hi #s Phe Val Lys Asn Phe     450               #   455               #   460 Ser Ser Tyr Ile Pro Val Asp Pro Asn Glu Ly #s Val Leu Ser Asp Pro 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Leu Pro Pro Leu Pro Ala Asn Gly Phe Ser Il #e Lys Leu Phe Pro Arg                 485   #               490   #               495 Ser <210> SEQ ID NO 65 <211> LENGTH: 507 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(507) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: “Xaa” equals any pe #ptide <400> SEQUENCE: 65 Met Glu Thr Lys Phe Gly Gln Leu Met Gln Le #u Glu Phe Leu Pro Phe   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Ile Leu Thr Pro Ile Leu Gly Ala Leu Val Le #u Leu His Leu Phe Arg              20      #             25      #             30 His Arg Asn Arg Ser Ser Val Lys Leu Pro Pr #o Gly Lys Leu Gly Phe          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Val Ile Gly Glu Thr Ile Gln Phe Leu Ar #g Ala Leu Arg Ser Gln      50              #     55              #     60 Thr Pro Gln Lys Phe Phe Asp Asp Arg Val Gl #n Lys Phe Gly Gly Val  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Phe Lys Thr Ser Leu Ile Gly Asn Pro Leu Va #l Val Met Cys Gly Pro                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Ala Gly Asn Arg Leu Val Leu Ser Asn Glu As #p Lys Leu Val Gln Leu             100       #           105       #           110 Glu Ala Pro Asn Ser Leu Met Lys Leu Met Gl #y Gln Asp Ser Leu Leu         115           #       120           #       125 Ala Lys Arg Gln Glu Asp His Arg Thr Leu Ar #g Ala Ala Leu Ala Arg     130               #   135               #   140 Phe Leu Gly Pro Gln Ala Leu Xaa Asn Tyr Me #t Thr Lys Ile Ser Ser 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Arg Thr Glu His His Met Asn Glu Lys Trp Ly #s Gly Lys Asp Glu Val                 165   #               170   #               175 Arg Thr Leu Pro Leu Ile Arg Glu Leu Ile Ph #e Ser Asn Ala Ser Ser             180       #           185       #           190 Leu Phe Phe Asp Ile Asn Asp Glu His Gln Gl #n Glu Arg Leu His His         195           #       200           #       205 Leu Leu Glu Ala Val Val Val Gly Ser Met Se #r Ile Pro Leu Asp Phe     210               #   215               #   220 Pro Gly Thr Arg Leu Arg Lys Ala Leu Gln Al #a Arg Ser Lys Leu Asp 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Glu Ile Leu Ser Ser Leu Ile Lys Ser Arg Ar #g Lys Asp Leu Val Ser                 245   #               250   #               255 Gly Ile Ala Ser Asp Asp Gln Asp Leu Leu Se #r Val Leu Leu Thr Phe             260       #           265       #           270 Lys Asp Glu Arg Gly Asn Pro Leu Thr Asp Ly #s Glu Ile Leu Asp Asn         275           #       280           #       285 Phe Ser Leu Leu Leu His Ala Ser Tyr Asp Th #r Thr Val Ser Pro Met     290               #   295               #   300 Val Leu Thr Leu Lys Leu Leu Ser Ser Asn Pr #o Glu Cys Tyr Glu Lys 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Val Val Gln Glu Gln Leu Gly Ile Val Ala As #n Lys Arg Ile Gly Glu                 325   #               330   #               335 Glu Ile Ser Trp Lys Asp Leu Lys Ala Met Ly #s Tyr Thr Trp Gln Val             340       #           345       #           350 Val Gln Glu Thr Leu Arg Met Phe Pro Pro Le #u Phe Gly Ser Phe Arg         355           #       360           #       365 Lys Ala Met Val Asp Ile Asp Tyr Asp Gly Ty #r Thr Ile Pro Lys Gly     370               #   375               #   380 Trp Met Ile Leu Trp Thr Thr Tyr Gly Thr Hi #s Leu Arg Glu Glu Tyr 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Phe Asn Glu Pro Leu Lys Phe Arg Pro Ser Ar #g Phe Glu Glu Asp Gly                 405   #               410   #               415 Arg Val Thr Pro Tyr Thr Phe Ile Pro Phe Gl #y Gly Gly Ala Arg Thr             420       #           425       #           430 Cys Pro Gly Trp Glu Phe Ser Lys Thr Glu Il #e Leu Leu Phe Ile His         435           #       440           #       445 His Phe Val Arg Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr Leu Pr #o Val Asp Ser Asn Glu     450               #   455               #   460 Lys Ile Ser Ala Asp Pro Phe Pro Pro Leu Pr #o Ala Asn Gly Phe Ser 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Ile Lys Leu Ser Ala Asp Pro Phe Pro Pro Le #u Pro Ala Asn Gly Phe                 485   #               490   #               495 Ser Ile Lys Leu Phe Pro Arg Ser Gln Ser As #n             500       #           505 <210> SEQ ID NO 66 <211> LENGTH: 512 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(512) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: “Xaa” equals any pe #ptide <400> SEQUENCE: 66 Met Ala Tyr Pro Glu Leu Leu Glu Asn Leu Se #r Gly Asp Arg Ala Gln   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Ser Pro Ala Ile Ala Ala Val Leu Thr Ile Le #u Phe Leu Leu Gly Ile              20      #             25      #             30 Phe Tyr Ile Leu Arg Gly Leu Arg Asn Asn Gl #y Arg Arg Leu Pro Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Gly Pro Ile Pro Trp Pro Ile Val Gly Asn Le #u His Gln Leu Gly Lys      50              #     55              #     60 Leu Pro Asn Arg Asn Leu Glu Glu Leu Ala Ly #s Lys His Gly Pro Ile  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Met Leu Met Lys Leu Gly Ser Val Pro Ala Va #l Ile Val Ser Ser Ser                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Ala Met Ala Lys Glu Val Leu Lys Thr His As #p Leu Val Phe Ala Ser             100       #           105       #           110 Arg Pro Glu Ser Ala Ala Gly Lys Tyr Ile Al #a Tyr Asn Tyr Lys Asp         115           #       120           #       125 Ile Val Phe Ser Pro Tyr Gly Pro Tyr Trp Ar #g Gln Met Lys Lys Ile     130               #   135               #   140 Cys Val Val Glu Leu Leu Asn Ala Arg Arg Il #e Glu Ser Leu Arg Ser 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Val Arg Glu Glu Glu Val Ser Val Ile Ile Ar #g Ser Val Trp Glu Lys                 165   #               170   #               175 Ser Lys Gln Gly Ala Val Ala Val Asn Leu Se #r Lys Thr Leu Ser Ser             180       #           185       #           190 Leu Thr Gln Gly Leu Met Leu Gln Ile Phe Se #r Ser Asn Asp Asp Gly         195           #       200           #       205 Gly Asn Ser Ser Val Thr Ala Ile Lys Glu Me #t Met Ser Glu Val Ser     210               #   215               #   220 Glu Thr Ala Gly Ala Phe Asn Ile Gly Asp Ty #r Phe Pro Trp Met Asp 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Trp Met Asp Leu Gln Gly Ile Gln Arg Arg Me #t Thr Lys Ala His Asp                 245   #               250   #               255 Tyr Phe Asp Gln Val Ile Thr Lys Ile Ile Gl #u Gln His Gln Arg Thr             260       #           265       #           270 Arg Ala Met Glu Asp Thr Gln Gln Pro Lys As #p Ile Ile Asp Ala Leu         275           #       280           #       285 Leu Gln Met Glu Asn Thr Asp Gly Val Thr Il #e Thr Met Glu Asn Ile     290               #   295               #   300 Lys Ala Val Val Leu Gly Ile Phe Leu Gly Gl #y Ala Glu Thr Thr Ser 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Thr Thr Leu Glu Trp Ala Met Ser Ala Met Le #u Glu Asn Pro Glu Val                 325   #               330   #               335 Ala Lys Lys Val Gln Glu Glu Ile Glu Ser Va #l Val Gly Arg Lys Arg             340       #           345       #           350 Val Val Lys Glu Met Ile Trp Glu Ser Met Gl #u Tyr Leu Gln Cys Val         355           #       360           #       365 Val Lys Lys Thr Met Arg Leu Tyr Pro Ala Va #l Pro Leu Leu Ile Pro     370               #   375               #   380 His Glu Ser Thr Gln Asp Cys Thr Val Asn Gl #y Tyr Phe Ile Pro Glu 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Arg Thr Arg Ile Leu Val Asn Ala Trp Ala Il #e Gly Lys Asp Pro Asn                 405   #               410   #               415 Val Trp Asp Asp Ala Leu Ala Phe Lys Pro Ly #s Arg Phe Leu Gly Xaa             420       #           425       #           430 Asn Val Asp Leu Gln Lys Gly Lys Glu Phe Ph #e Asp Met Val Pro Phe         435           #       440           #       445 Gly Ala Gly Arg Lys Gly Cys Pro Gly Ala Se #r Met Ala Val Val Thr     450               #   455               #   460 Met Glu His Ala Leu Ala Gln Leu Met His Cy #s Phe Gln Trp Arg Ile 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Glu Gly Glu Leu Asp Met Ser Glu Arg Leu Al #a Ala Ser Val Gln Lys                 485   #               490   #               495 Lys Val Asp Leu Cys Val Leu Pro Gln Trp Ar #g Leu Thr Ser Ser Pro             500       #           505       #           510 <210> SEQ ID NO 67 <211> LENGTH: 509 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 67 Met Asp Val Phe Tyr Pro Leu Lys Ser Thr Va #l Ala Lys Phe Asn Glu   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Cys Phe Pro Ala Ile Leu Phe Ile Val Leu Se #r Ala Val Ala Gly Ile              20      #             25      #             30 Val Leu Pro Leu Leu Leu Phe Leu Arg Ser Ly #s Arg Arg Ser Ser Val          35          #         40          #         45 Gly Leu Pro Pro Gly Lys Leu Gly Tyr Pro Ph #e Ile Gly Glu Ser Leu      50              #     55              #     60 Leu Phe Leu Lys Ala Leu Arg Ser Asn Thr Va #l Glu Gln Phe Leu Asp  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Glu Arg Val Lys Asn Phe Gly Asn Val Phe Ly #s Thr Ser Leu Ile Gly                  85  #                 90  #                 95 His Pro Thr Val Val Leu Cys Gly Pro Ala Gl #y Asn Arg Leu Ile Leu             100       #           105       #           110 Ala Asn Glu Glu Lys Leu Val Gln Met Ser Tr #p Pro Lys Ser Ser Met         115           #       120           #       125 Lys Leu Met Gly Glu Lys Ser Ile Thr Ala Ly #s Arg Gly Glu Gly His     130               #   135               #   140 Met Ile Ile Arg Ser Ala Leu Gln Gly Phe Ph #e Ser Pro Gly Ala Leu 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Gln Lys Tyr Ile Gly Gln Met Ser Lys Thr Il #e Glu Asn His Ile Asn                 165   #               170   #               175 Glu Lys Trp Lys Gly Asn Asp Gln Val Ser Va #l Val Ala Leu Val Gly             180       #           185       #           190 Asp Leu Val Phe Asp Ile Ser Ala Cys Leu Ph #e Phe Asn Ile Asn Glu         195           #       200           #       205 Lys His Glu Arg Glu Arg Leu Phe Glu Leu Le #u Glu Ile Ile Ala Val     210               #   215               #   220 Gly Val Leu Ala Val Pro Val Asp Leu Pro Gl #y Phe Ala Tyr His Arg 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Ala Leu Gln Ala Arg Ser Lys Leu Asn Ala Il #e Leu Ser Gly Leu Ile                 245   #               250   #               255 Glu Lys Arg Lys Met Asp Leu Ser Ser Gly Le #u Ala Thr Ser Asn Gln             260       #           265       #           270 Asp Leu Leu Ser Val Phe Leu Thr Phe Lys As #p Asp Arg Gly Asn Pro         275           #       280           #       285 Cys Ser Asp Glu Glu Ile Leu Asp Asn Phe Se #r Gly Leu Leu His Gly     290               #   295               #   300 Ser Tyr Asp Thr Thr Val Ser Ala Met Ala Cy #s Val Phe Lys Leu Leu 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Ser Ser Asn Pro Glu Cys Tyr Glu Lys Val Va #l Gln Glu Gln Leu Gly                 325   #               330   #               335 Ile Leu Ser Asn Lys Leu Glu Gly Asp Glu Il #e Thr Trp Lys Asp Val             340       #           345       #           350 Lys Ser Met Lys Tyr Thr Trp Gln Val Val Gl #n Glu Thr Leu Arg Leu         355           #       360           #       365 Tyr Pro Ser Ile Phe Gly Ser Phe Arg Gln Al #a Ile Thr Asp Ile His     370               #   375               #   380 Tyr Asn Gly Tyr Ile Ile Pro Lys Gly Trp Ly #s Leu Leu Trp Thr Pro 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Tyr Thr Thr His Pro Lys Glu Met Tyr Phe Se #r Glu Pro Glu Lys Phe                 405   #               410   #               415 Leu Pro Ser Arg Phe Asp Gln Glu Gly Lys Le #u Val Ala Pro Tyr Thr             420       #           425       #           430 Phe Leu Pro Phe Gly Gly Gly Gln Arg Ser Cy #s Pro Gly Trp Glu Phe         435           #       440           #       445 Ser Lys Met Glu Ile Leu Leu Ser Val His Hi #s Phe Val Lys Thr Phe     450               #   455               #   460 Ser Thr Phe Thr Pro Val Asp Pro Ala Glu Il #e Ile Ala Arg Asp Ser 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Leu Cys Pro Leu Pro Ser Asn Gly Phe Ser Va #l Lys Leu Phe Pro Arg                 485   #               490   #               495 Ser Tyr Ser Leu His Thr Gly Asn Gln Val Ly #s Lys Ile             500       #           505 <210> SEQ ID NO 68 <211> LENGTH: 514 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 68 Met Ala Phe Glu Ala Ala Thr Val Ile Leu Ph #e Thr Leu Ala Ala Leu   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Leu Leu Val Val Ile Gln Arg Arg Arg Ile Ar #g Arg His Lys Leu Gln              20      #             25      #             30 Gly Lys Val Lys Ala Pro Gln Pro Pro Ser Tr #p Pro Val Ile Gly Asn          35          #         40          #         45 Leu His Leu Leu Thr Gln Lys Val Pro Ile Hi #s Arg Ile Leu Ser Ser      50              #     55              #     60 Leu Ser Glu Ser Tyr Gly Pro Ile Met His Le #u Gln Leu Gly Leu Arg  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Pro Ala Leu Val Ile Ala Ser Ser Asp Leu Al #a Lys Glu Cys Phe Thr                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Thr Asn Asp Lys Ala Phe Ala Ser Arg Pro Ar #g Leu Ser Ala Gly Lys             100       #           105       #           110 His Val Gly Tyr Asp Tyr Lys Ile Phe Ser Me #t Ala Pro Tyr Gly Ser         115           #       120           #       125 Tyr Trp Arg Asn Leu Arg Lys Met Cys Thr Il #e Gln Ile Leu Ser Ala     130               #   135               #   140 Thr Arg Ile Asp Ser Phe Arg His Ile Arg Va #l Glu Glu Val Ser Ala 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Leu Ile Arg Ser Leu Phe Asp Ser Cys Gln Ar #g Glu Asp Thr Pro Val                 165   #               170   #               175 Asn Met Lys Ala Arg Leu Ser Asp Leu Thr Ph #e Ser Ile Ile Leu Arg             180       #           185       #           190 Met Val Ala Asn Lys Lys Leu Ser Gly Pro Va #l Tyr Ser Glu Glu Tyr         195           #       200           #       205 Glu Glu Ala Asp His Phe Asn Gln Met Ile Ly #s Gln Ser Val Phe Leu     210               #   215               #   220 Leu Gly Ala Phe Glu Val Gly Asp Phe Leu Pr #o Phe Leu Lys Trp Leu 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Asp Leu Gln Gly Phe Ile Ala Ala Met Lys Ly #s Leu Gln Gln Lys Arg                 245   #               250   #               255 Asp Val Phe Met Gln Lys Leu Val Ile Asp Hi #s Arg Glu Lys Arg Gly             260       #           265       #           270 Arg Val Asp Ala Asn Ala Gln Asp Leu Ile As #p Val Leu Ile Ser Ala         275           #       280           #       285 Thr Asp Asn His Glu Ile Gln Ser Asp Ser As #n Asp Asp Val Val Lys     290               #   295               #   300 Ala Thr Ala Leu Thr Met Leu Asn Ala Gly Th #r Asp Thr Ser Ser Val 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Thr Ile Glu Trp Ala Leu Ala Ala Leu Met Gl #n His Pro His Ile Leu                 325   #               330   #               335 Ser Lys Ala Gln Gln Glu Leu Asp Thr His Il #e Gly Arg Ser Arg Leu             340       #           345       #           350 Leu Glu Glu Ala Asp Leu His Glu Leu Lys Ty #r Leu Gln Ala Ile Val         355           #       360           #       365 Lys Glu Thr Leu Arg Leu Tyr Pro Ala Ala Pr #o Leu Leu Val Pro His     370               #   375               #   380 Glu Ala Ile Glu Asp Cys Thr Val Gly Gly Ty #r His Val Ser Ala Gly 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Thr Arg Leu Ile Val Asn Ala Trp Ala Ile Hi #s Arg Asp Pro Ala Val                 405   #               410   #               415 Trp Glu Arg Pro Thr Val Phe Asp Pro Glu Ar #g Phe Leu Lys Ser Gly             420       #           425       #           430 Lys Glu Val Asp Val Lys Gly Arg Glu Phe Gl #u Leu Ile Pro Phe Gly         435           #       440           #       445 Ser Gly Arg Arg Met Cys Pro Gly Met Ser Le #u Ala Leu Ser Val Val     450               #   455               #   460 Thr Tyr Thr Leu Gly Arg Leu Leu Gln Ser Ph #e Glu Trp Ser Val Pro 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Glu Gly Met Ile Ile Asp Met Thr Glu Gly Le #u Gly Leu Thr Met Pro                 485   #               490   #               495 Lys Ala Val Pro Leu Glu Thr Ile Ile Lys Pr #o Arg Leu Pro Phe His             500       #           505       #           510 Leu Tyr <210> SEQ ID NO 69 <211> LENGTH: 22 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence: PCR Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 69 tcggtgattg taacggaaga gc            #                   #                 22 <210> SEQ ID NO 70 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence: PCR Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 70 ctggcttttc caacggagca tgag           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 71 <211> LENGTH: 25 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence: PCR Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 71 attgtttctc agcccgcgca gtatg           #                   #               25 <210> SEQ ID NO 72 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence: PCR Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 72 tcggtttcta tgacggaagc gatg           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 73 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence: PCR Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 73 attaaccctc actaaacctt ttgg           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 74 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence: PCR Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 74 attaaccctc actaaacctt tcgg           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 75 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence: PCR Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 75 attaaccctc actaaaccat ttgg           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 76 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence: PCR Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 76 attaaccctc actaaaccat tcgg           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 77 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence: PCR Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 77 attaaccctc actaaaccgt ttgg           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 78 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence: PCR Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 78 attaaccctc actaaaccgt tcgg           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 79 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence: PCR Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 79 attaaccctc actaaaccct ttgg           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 80 <211> LENGTH: 1539 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 80 atggacgctt ttaatgtttt aatgggccct ctagcaaaat ttgataattt ca #tgcagctc     60 ggctcttact ctgaaaatct ttccgttaca attaccgtca cagcgattgc cg #tcattact    120 cttctcctgg tgttgatccg ttccaaaccc caatcttgtg taaaccttcc tc #cgggaaag    180 cttggctacc ctttcatcgg cgaaacatta caattgttgc aggcatttcg at #cgaacagg    240 ccgcaacagt tctttgatga gaggcagaag aaatttgggt ctgttttcaa ga #cttcacta    300 attggggacc gcacagtggt gctgtgcggt ccctcaggaa accgtttgct gc #tctccaac    360 gaaaacaagc tggtggaggc atcctggccg agttcttcca ttaaattgat cg #gagaggat    420 tccattgctg ggaaaaacgg agagaagcat cggatcttac gcgccgcggt aa #accgttac    480 ctgggacccg gagcattaca gaattatatg gcgaagatga ggtcagaaat cg #aacatcat    540 atgaatgaga aatggaaggg gaaagagcaa gtgaaggtgc ttcctttggt aa #aagagaat    600 gtcttctcca tcgcaaccag cttgtttttc ggtgtcaatg atgacggaga ac #gggaacgg    660 cttcatgacc ttttggaaac cgcacttgcg ggtgtttttt ctattccact gg #attttcca    720 ggaacaaatt atcggaaagc ccttgaagcg cggttaaaac tggataaagt cc #tttcttct    780 ctgatagaaa ggagaagaag cgatctgcga tcaggcgtgg catctggtaa tg #aggatctg    840 ctctctgtgt ggctcacttt caaagacgaa gaagggaatc ctctgacaga ca #aggagatc    900 ctcgacaact tctccacctt gcttcatgca tcatatgaca ccacaacctc ag #cactcacc    960 ttgacattaa agctcatgtc ctcctctact gaatgctatc acaaagtagt tc #aagagcaa   1020 ctgagaatag tttccaacaa aaaggaggga gaagaaatca gcttgaaaga tc #tgaaagac   1080 atgaaatata catggcaagt tgtgcaggaa actctgagga tgttccctcc gc #tttttgga   1140 tcatttcgta aggccatcac tgacattcat tatgatggtt atacaatccc aa #aaggatgg   1200 aaagttttat ggacaactta tagtacacat gggagagaag agtatttcaa tg #aaccagag   1260 aaattcatgc cttcaagatt cgaagaggaa ggaaggcatg ttgctcctta ca #cattttta   1320 cccttcggag caggcgtgcg cacctgccca ggatgggaat tttcaaaaac cc #agatatta   1380 ctgttcttac attattttgt taaaactttc agtggctaca tcccactcga cc #ctgacgaa   1440 aaagtgttag ggaatccagt ccctcctctc cctgccaatg gatttgctat aa #aacttttc   1500 cccaggccct cattcgatca aggatccccc atggaataa       #                   #  1539 <210> SEQ ID NO 81 <211> LENGTH: 1458 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 81 atggatgccc ttaagcaatt ggaagtttcc ccttccattc ttttcgttac cc #tcgcagta     60 atggcaggca ttatcctctt cttccgctct aaacgccatt cctctgtaaa ac #tcccccct    120 ggaaatctag gcttccctct ggttggggag acactgcagt tcgtgaggtc ac #ttggctcg    180 agcactccac agcagtttat tgaagagaga atgagcaaat ttggggatgt gt #tcaagact    240 tccataatcg ggcatcccac agtagtgctg tgtggacctg ccggaaaccg gt #tggttctg    300 tcgaacgaga acaagctggt gcagatgtca tggccgagct ccatgatgaa ac #tcatcggc    360 gaagattgtc tcggcggcaa aacgggagag cagcatcgga tcgtacgcgc tg #cactaact    420 cggtttttgg gtcctcaagc attgcagaat catttcgcta aaatgagctc gg #gaatccaa    480 cgccacatca atgaaaaatg gaagggaaag gatgaggcca ctgtacttcc tt #tggtaaaa    540 gacctcgtct tctccgtcgc aagccgcttg ttttttggta taactgagga gc #acctgcag    600 gagcaacttc ataacttgtt ggaagttatt cttgtgggat ctttttctgt tc #cactcaac    660 attcccggat tcagttacca taaagcgatt caggcaaggg ccaccctcgc tg #acatcatg    720 acccatttga tagaaaagag gagaaatgag ctgcgtgcag gcactgcatc tg #agaatcaa    780 gatttgctct ctgttttgct cactttcact gacgaaaggg ggaattcact gg #cggacaag    840 gagatcctcg acaacttttc tatgttactt catggatcat atgactccac ca #attcccca    900 cttaccatgt tgattaaagt cttggcctcc catccagaaa gctatgaaaa ag #tggctcaa    960 gagcaatttg gaatactctc caccaaaatg gagggagaag aaattgcttg ga #aagacctg   1020 aaggagatga aatattcatg gcaagttgtt caggaaacat tgcgcatgta tc #ctcccatt   1080 tttggaacat ttcgcaaagc catcactgac attcattaca atggttatac aa #ttccaaaa   1140 ggatggaaac ttttatggac aacttacagt actcaaacca aggaagagta tt #tcaaggac   1200 gccgatcaat tcaagccatc aagatttgag gaggaaggga agcatgtaac cc #cttacaca   1260 tacttacctt tcggaggagg catgcgtgtt tgtccagggt gggaattcgc ca #agatggag   1320 acattactgt ttctccatca ttttgttaaa gccttctctg ggttgaaggc aa #ttgatcca   1380 aatgaaaaac tttcagggaa accacttcct cctctccctg tcaatgggct tc #ccattaaa   1440 ctctattcca gatcttaa              #                   #                   #1458 <210> SEQ ID NO 82 <211> LENGTH: 1482 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 82 atggacagct tcacttttgt aaccatcaaa atgggaaaaa tttggcaagt ca #ttcaggtg     60 gagtacattc tatcccttac cctcacagct attcttctct tcttcttccg tt #acagaaac    120 aaatcctctc ataaacttcc ccctggaaac ttgggcttcc cttttattgg gg #agaccata    180 caattcttgc gttcacttcg atcacaaaca cctgaatttt tttttgacga ga #gggtgaag    240 aaattcggtc ctgttttcaa gacctcgcta attggggctc ccacagtgat at #tctgcggg    300 gcggcaggga gccgattagt tctgtctaac gaggacaagc tggtgcagat gg #aatcgcca    360 agctctttaa agaagctaat gggggagaat tccattctgt ataaaagaga ag #aggaacac    420 cgcattttgc gttctgcatt atcccgcttt ttgggtcccc aagctttgca aa #cttacatt    480 gctaaaatga gtacagaaat cgagcgtcat atcaacgaaa aatggaaggg aa #aagaagaa    540 gtgaagacgc ttcctttgat aagagggctc gtcttctcca ttgcaagcag tc #tgtttttc    600 gatataaatg atgagcccca acaggagcga cttcatcatc atttggaaag tc #ttgttgca    660 ggaagtatgg ctgttcgcct cgactttcca ggaactcgct ttcgtaaagc cg #ttgaggcg    720 cgttcgaagc tggatgaagc tctccattct ttaataaaaa gcagacgaag cg #atctgctt    780 tctggcaaag cttcaagtaa tcaagatctt ctttcggtgc tgctcagctt ca #aagatgaa    840 agaggaaatc cactgagaga cgaggagatc ctcgacaatt tttctcttat ac #ttcatgcc    900 tcgtatgata ccactatttc accaatggtt ttgacattga agctgctgtc ct #ccaatcca    960 gaatgctatg acaaagtagt tcaagagcaa tttggaatac ttgccaataa aa #aagaggga   1020 gaggaaatca gttggaagga tctgaaagct atgaaatata catggcaagt ag #tgcaggaa   1080 acactgagga tgttccctcc actttttgga tcattccgca aggctatggt tg #atattaat   1140 tatgacggtt acacaattcc aaaaggatgg atcgttttat ggacaactta ca #gtacacat   1200 gtgaaagaag agtacttcaa tgaacctggc aaattcaggc cttcaagatt cg #agcatgat   1260 ggaaggcatg tggctcctta cacattctta ccattcggag gaggcctgcg ca #catgtcca   1320 ggatgggaat tctcaaagac ggagatatta ctgtttatcc atcattttgt ta #aaactttc   1380 ggcagctacc tcccagttga ccccaacgaa aaaatttcag cagatccatt cc #ctcctctc   1440 cctgccaatg gcttttctat aaaacttttt cccagatctt aa     #                   #1482 <210> SEQ ID NO 83 <211> LENGTH: 1491 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 83 atggaactgt ggaatatgtt tctgccatgg atctccattg caacagcaac at #cccttaca     60 gtgggcatgg catccgcatt cgctataatt tatgctcctc ttttgctgtc at #tcctgaga    120 ttgaagacgg ccagaagaaa tatgcctccg attcctccag gaagcatggg aa #tgccattc    180 tggggagaat ctctgggcta tctcggctca tggaataacc agagcaaccc tg #acgtgtgg    240 tacgacacac ggaaggccaa acacggcaaa attttcacaa cccacattct gg #gcagcccc    300 actgtggtca tgttgggtcc ggatgccaac aggttcatcc tcattaacga aa #acaagctt    360 tttctcaaca gttggcccaa atctctcaac gctctcatcg gaaagcacgc cc #tcatcact    420 tcgcagggcg cagaacacaa aaggatgcgg cgaattatac attccgtgct cg #gcccaaga    480 aaccctgaaa ctagcgtggg aagattcgaa ggactggtgt tgcatcatct cg #attccgac    540 tggcatggcg gccaaatcat ccaagcctac cgccaagtta aggacatggc gc #tctgtttg    600 gctgccgatt ttttcatggg gttaaagccc ggaaaagaat tggagacttt ca #ggcggcat    660 ttcagtgatt tcagcgcggg gcttttatct caccctctcg atcttccctg ga #ctgtgttt    720 gggaaggcga aacgagcgcg cgccgccatg gtcactcaga ttttttcaca aa #ttcggctg    780 cataggactt ccatgcacaa aagtggagag gaggggggaa atttcttgga ca #tggtgttg    840 ggttcgcagg agaagggagg cgatttgagg ctgagtgagg aggagattgc ag #acaatctt    900 atgggtcttt taactggcgg acaggacacg acagcctcgg cattagccac ca #ttctgaag    960 cacctctctc tctccccaca tctattacaa aggcttcgca aagagtgtga aa #aacttaga   1020 gataacaagg aggcaggggg gcctcttaca tggagtgaaa taaaaagtgt gg #gctattta   1080 cacaatgtaa tctcagaagg actacggatg gtagccccca taaatggagg at #ttaagaaa   1140 gcaaaagtag acgttgtata tggaggttat actattccca aaggatggaa gg #ttcattac   1200 tccgtgagac agacaaacaa caaagaagag tattttccta gtccagagag at #ttgatcca   1260 gatcgcttca atgagagaca tgagcctttt tctttcatcc ccttcggcca gg #gtaatcgg   1320 atgtgccccg gaaatgaatt cgcaaggttg gaaatggaat tatttctata tc #atttggtt   1380 ttgagatatg attgggaatt aatggaggcg gatgaacgca ccaacatgta ct #tcattcct   1440 caccctgtgc acagtttgcc tttactactt aaacacgttc ctcctacatg a  #           1491 <210> SEQ ID NO 84 <211> LENGTH: 1497 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 84 atggacgccc tgtataagag cacagttgca aaatttaatg aggtcacaca gc #tggactgt     60 tccactgaat ctttttccat tgccctctca gctattgctg gtattcttct gc #ttctcctg    120 ctcttccgtt ctaaacgcca ctcctccctt aaacttcctc ctgggaaatt ag #gcatccct    180 ttcattggcg agtcgtttat cttcctgagg gctcttcgat cgaactcgct gg #agcaattt    240 tttgacgaga gagtgaagaa attcggcctc gtgttcaaga cctccttgat tg #ggcatccc    300 acagtagtac tctgcggccc tgcgggaaac cggcttattc tgtccaacga gg #agaagctg    360 gtgcagatgt cgtggcccgc tcaatttatg aagctcatgg gggagaattc cg #ttgccacc    420 aggaggggtg aagaccatat agttatgcgc tctgctcttg caggtttttt cg #gccctggt    480 gcgctgcaga gttacattgg taaaatgaat acagagatcc agagtcatat ca #acgaaaaa    540 tggaagggaa aagatgaggt gaatgtactt cctttggtaa gagagctcgt ct #tcaacatt    600 tcggccatct tgtttttcaa catatatgat aagcaggaac aggatcgtct gc #ataagctt    660 ttggaaacta ttctggtcgg aagttttgct cttccgattg acttgcccgg at #ttggtttc    720 catagagcac tccagggacg ggccaagctc aacaaaatta tgctgtcttt aa #ttaaaaag    780 agaaaagaag attgcagtct ggatcggcaa cagccacgca ggatctgctc tt #tgttttgc    840 tcactttcag agatgacaaa gggactccct cacccaatgg atgagatact cg #acaacttt    900 tcttctctgc tccatgcctc ctatgacacc accacttcgc caatggcttt ga #ttttcaag    960 ctcttgtctt ccaatccaga atgctatcaa aaagtagttc aagagcaatt gg #agatcctt   1020 tccaacaaag aggagggcga agaaatcaca tggaaggatc tcaaagccat ga #aatacaca   1080 tggcaagtag ctcaggaaac gctgcggatg tttcctccag ttttcggaac at #ttcgcaag   1140 gccatcactg acattcagta tgatggtacc aattccaaaa gggggaagct gt #tgtggaca   1200 acttacagta cacatcccaa ggacttgtat ttcaatgaac cagagaaatt ca #tgccttca   1260 agattcgatc aggaaggaaa gcatgtagct ccttacacat ttttgccctt cg #gtggaggc   1320 caacggtcat gtgtgggatg ggaattttca aagatggaga tattactatt cg #ttcatcat   1380 tttgtcaaaa cttttagcag ctacacccca gttgatcccg acgaaaaaat at #caggggat   1440 ccactccctc ctcttccttc caagggattt tccattaaac tgtttccgag ac #catag      1497 <210> SEQ ID NO 85 <211> LENGTH: 1461 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 85 atggagcagc taatctatag tattgtctat tccaattggt atttatgggt tt #tgggactg     60 tttatctgtg taattttact gttattaaga cggagtaatg acagacaagg ga #atggatcc    120 gccaataaac ccaaacttcc acctggatca gctggattgc catttattgg ag #agactatc    180 cgttttctta gagacgctaa atcgcctgga cggcgaaagt tctttgatga ac #atgagctc    240 aggtatgggc cgattttcag atgtagtttg tttggaagaa cacgtgcagt tg #tgtcggtg    300 gatcccgagt tcaataagta cgtcttgcaa aatgagggaa ggctgttcga at #ccaacgca    360 ctcgcgccct tcagaaatct tatcggcaaa tatggattgt cggcggtaca gg #gggaactt    420 caaaggaagc tccatgcaac tgctgtcaat ttgttgaagc atgagacgct ca #gctctgac    480 ttcatggaag atatacaaga catctttcag gctggaatga gaaaatggga gg #aggaggga    540 gacatcccta ttcaacacaa gtgcaatcag attgttctga acttgatggc ga #agagattg    600 ctggacttac ctccatcaga agaaatggga catatttata aagctttcga cg #atttcgtg    660 ggagctgtcc tctctttccc cctcaatatc cctggaacca cttatgcgag ag #gaattcgg    720 gccaggggaa ttctgttaaa aagaattcac aagtgtataa aggagaggag ag #aacatcca    780 gaggtgctcc gcaatgactt gttgaccaaa cttgtgaggg agggcacatt tt #cggacgaa    840 attattgcag atacaataat cttttttgtg tttgctggtg tcgaaacttc ag #caatggcc    900 atgacgtttg ctgtaaagta cctcgctgag aatccacgag cactggagga gt #tgagggct    960 gagcatgacg ctcttttgaa ggccaaaggg aaaggcaatg aaaagctgac gt #ggaatgac   1020 taccaatcaa tgaaattcgt tcattgtgta ataaatgaaa cacttcgtct gg #gtggtgca   1080 accgtggttc ttttcaggga agccaaacaa gatattaaag tgaaagattt tg #ttattccc   1140 aaaggatgga ccgtttctgt tttcttgagc gccacacatg ttgatggaaa at #accattat   1200 gaagctgaca aattcctccc ttggcgctgg caaaatgagg gtcaagaaac gt #tggaggag   1260 ccatgttata tgccatttgg aagaggtggc aggctctgtc caggactcca tt #tggcaaga   1320 tttgaaattg ctctctttct tcacaacttt gtcactaaat tcagatggga gc #agctggaa   1380 attgatcgtg cgacttactt tcctcttcct tccacagaaa atggttttcc aa #tccgtctc   1440 tattctcgag tacacgaatg a            #                   #                1461 <210> SEQ ID NO 86 <211> LENGTH: 1461 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 86 Ala Thr Gly Gly Ala Gly Cys Ala Gly Cys Th #r Ala Ala Thr Cys Thr   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Ala Thr Ala Gly Thr Ala Thr Thr Gly Thr Cy #s Thr Ala Thr Thr Cys              20      #             25      #             30 Cys Ala Ala Thr Thr Gly Gly Thr Ala Thr Th #r Thr Ala Thr Gly Gly          35          #         40          #         45 Gly Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly Gly Gly Ala Cys Th #r Gly Thr Thr Thr Ala      50              #     55              #     60 Thr Cys Thr Gly Thr Gly Thr Ala Ala Thr Th #r Thr Thr Ala Cys Thr  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Gly Thr Thr Ala Thr Thr Ala Ala Gly Ala Cy #s Gly Gly Ala Gly Thr                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Ala Ala Thr Gly Ala Cys Ala Gly Ala Cys Al #a Ala Gly Gly Gly Ala             100       #           105       #           110 Ala Thr Gly Gly Ala Thr Cys Cys Gly Cys Cy #s Ala Ala Thr Ala Ala         115           #       120           #       125 Ala Cys Cys Cys Ala Ala Ala Cys Thr Thr Cy #s Cys Ala Cys Cys Thr     130               #   135               #   140 Gly Gly Ala Thr Cys Ala Gly Cys Thr Gly Gl #y Ala Thr Thr Gly Cys 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Cys Ala Thr Thr Thr Ala Thr Thr Gly Gly Al #a Gly Ala Gly Ala Cys                 165   #               170   #               175 Thr Ala Thr Cys Cys Gly Thr Thr Thr Thr Cy #s Thr Thr Ala Gly Ala             180       #           185       #           190 Gly Ala Cys Gly Cys Thr Ala Ala Ala Thr Cy #s Gly Cys Cys Thr Gly         195           #       200           #       205 Gly Ala Cys Gly Gly Cys Gly Ala Ala Ala Gl #y Thr Thr Cys Thr Thr     210               #   215               #   220 Thr Gly Ala Thr Gly Ala Ala Cys Ala Thr Gl #y Ala Gly Cys Thr Cys 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Ala Gly Gly Thr Ala Thr Gly Gly Gly Cys Cy #s Gly Ala Thr Thr Thr                 245   #               250   #               255 Thr Cys Ala Gly Ala Thr Gly Thr Ala Gly Th #r Thr Thr Gly Thr Thr             260       #           265       #           270 Thr Gly Gly Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala Cys Ala Cy #s Gly Thr Gly Cys Ala         275           #       280           #       285 Gly Thr Thr Gly Thr Gly Thr Cys Gly Gly Th #r Gly Gly Ala Thr Cys     290               #   295               #   300 Cys Cys Gly Ala Gly Thr Thr Cys Ala Ala Th #r Ala Ala Gly Thr Ala 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Cys Gly Thr Cys Thr Thr Gly Cys Ala Ala Al #a Ala Thr Gly Ala Gly                 325   #               330   #               335 Gly Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly Cys Thr Gly Thr Th #r Cys Gly Ala Ala Thr             340       #           345       #           350 Cys Cys Ala Ala Cys Gly Cys Ala Cys Thr Cy #s Gly Cys Gly Cys Cys         355           #       360           #       365 Cys Thr Thr Cys Ala Gly Ala Ala Ala Thr Cy #s Thr Thr Ala Thr Cys     370               #   375               #   380 Gly Gly Cys Ala Ala Ala Thr Ala Thr Gly Gl #y Ala Thr Thr Gly Thr 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Cys Gly Gly Cys Gly Gly Thr Ala Cys Ala Gl #y Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala                 405   #               410   #               415 Ala Cys Thr Thr Cys Ala Ala Ala Gly Gly Al #a Ala Gly Cys Thr Cys             420       #           425       #           430 Cys Ala Thr Gly Cys Ala Ala Cys Thr Gly Cy #s Thr Gly Thr Cys Ala         435           #       440           #       445 Ala Thr Thr Thr Gly Thr Thr Gly Ala Ala Gl #y Cys Ala Thr Gly Ala     450               #   455               #   460 Gly Ala Cys Gly Cys Thr Cys Ala Gly Cys Th #r Cys Thr Gly Ala Cys 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Thr Thr Cys Ala Thr Gly Gly Ala Ala Gly Al #a Thr Ala Thr Ala Cys                 485   #               490   #               495 Ala Ala Gly Ala Cys Ala Thr Cys Thr Thr Th #r Cys Ala Gly Gly Cys             500       #           505       #           510 Thr Gly Gly Ala Ala Thr Gly Ala Gly Ala Al #a Ala Ala Thr Gly Gly         515           #       520           #       525 Gly Ala Gly Gly Ala Gly Gly Ala Gly Gly Gl #y Ala Gly Ala Cys Ala     530               #   535               #   540 Thr Cys Cys Cys Thr Ala Thr Thr Cys Ala Al #a Cys Ala Cys Ala Ala 545                 5 #50                 5 #55                 5 #60 Gly Thr Gly Cys Ala Ala Thr Cys Ala Gly Al #a Thr Thr Gly Thr Thr                 565   #               570   #               575 Cys Thr Gly Ala Ala Cys Thr Thr Gly Ala Th #r Gly Gly Cys Gly Ala             580       #           585       #           590 Ala Gly Ala Gly Ala Thr Thr Gly Cys Thr Gl #y Gly Ala Cys Thr Thr         595           #       600           #       605 Ala Cys Cys Thr Cys Cys Ala Thr Cys Ala Gl #y Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala     610               #   615               #   620 Ala Thr Gly Gly Gly Ala Cys Ala Thr Ala Th #r Thr Thr Ala Thr Ala 625                 6 #30                 6 #35                 6 #40 Ala Ala Gly Cys Thr Thr Thr Cys Gly Ala Cy #s Gly Ala Thr Thr Thr                 645   #               650   #               655 Cys Gly Thr Gly Gly Gly Ala Gly Cys Thr Gl #y Thr Cys Cys Thr Cys             660       #           665       #           670 Thr Cys Thr Thr Thr Cys Cys Cys Cys Cys Th #r Cys Ala Ala Thr Ala         675           #       680           #       685 Thr Cys Cys Cys Thr Gly Gly Ala Ala Cys Cy #s Ala Cys Thr Thr Ala     690               #   695               #   700 Thr Gly Cys Gly Ala Gly Ala Gly Gly Ala Al #a Thr Thr Cys Gly Gly 705                 7 #10                 7 #15                 7 #20 Gly Cys Cys Ala Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala Ala Th #r Thr Cys Thr Gly Thr                 725   #               730   #               735 Thr Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala Thr Th #r Cys Ala Cys Ala Ala             740       #           745       #           750 Gly Thr Gly Thr Ala Thr Ala Ala Ala Gly Gl #y Ala Gly Ala Gly Gly         755           #       760           #       765 Ala Gly Ala Gly Ala Ala Cys Ala Thr Cys Cy #s Ala Gly Ala Gly Gly     770               #   775               #   780 Thr Gly Cys Thr Cys Cys Gly Cys Ala Ala Th #r Gly Ala Cys Thr Thr 785                 7 #90                 7 #95                 8 #00 Gly Thr Thr Gly Ala Cys Cys Ala Ala Ala Cy #s Thr Thr Gly Thr Gly                 805   #               810   #               815 Ala Gly Gly Gly Ala Gly Gly Gly Cys Ala Cy #s Ala Thr Thr Thr Thr             820       #           825       #           830 Cys Gly Gly Ala Cys Gly Ala Ala Ala Thr Th #r Ala Thr Thr Gly Cys         835           #       840           #       845 Ala Gly Ala Thr Ala Cys Ala Ala Thr Ala Al #a Thr Cys Thr Thr Thr     850               #   855               #   860 Thr Thr Thr Gly Thr Gly Thr Thr Thr Gly Cy #s Thr Gly Gly Thr Gly 865                 8 #70                 8 #75                 8 #80 Thr Cys Gly Ala Ala Ala Cys Thr Thr Cys Al #a Gly Cys Ala Ala Thr                 885   #               890   #               895 Gly Gly Cys Cys Ala Thr Gly Ala Cys Gly Th #r Thr Thr Gly Cys Thr             900       #           905       #           910 Gly Thr Ala Ala Ala Gly Thr Ala Cys Cys Th #r Cys Gly Cys Thr Gly         915           #       920           #       925 Ala Gly Ala Ala Thr Cys Cys Ala Cys Gly Al #a Gly Cys Ala Cys Thr     930               #   935               #   940 Gly Gly Ala Gly Gly Ala Gly Thr Thr Gly Al #a Gly Gly Gly Cys Thr 945                 9 #50                 9 #55                 9 #60 Gly Ala Gly Cys Ala Thr Gly Ala Cys Gly Cy #s Thr Cys Thr Thr Thr                 965   #               970   #               975 Thr Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly Cys Cys Ala Ala Al #a Gly Gly Gly Ala Ala             980       #           985       #           990 Ala Gly Gly Cys Ala Ala Thr Gly Ala Ala Al #a Ala Gly Cys Thr Gly         995           #      1000            #     1005 Ala Cys Gly Thr Gly Gly Ala Ala Thr Gly Al #a Cys Thr Ala Cys Cys    1010               #  1015                # 1020 Ala Ala Thr Cys Ala Ala Thr Gly Ala Ala Al #a Thr Thr Cys Gly Thr 1025               1030  #               1035   #              1040 Thr Cys Ala Thr Thr Gly Thr Gly Thr Ala Al #a Thr Ala Ala Ala Thr                1045   #              1050    #             1055 Gly Ala Ala Ala Cys Ala Cys Thr Thr Cys Gl #y Thr Cys Thr Gly Gly            1060       #          1065        #         1070 Gly Thr Gly Gly Thr Gly Cys Ala Ala Cys Cy #s Gly Thr Gly Gly Thr        1075           #      1080            #     1085 Thr Cys Thr Thr Thr Thr Cys Ala Gly Gly Gl #y Ala Ala Gly Cys Cys    1090               #  1095                # 1100 Ala Ala Ala Cys Ala Ala Gly Ala Thr Ala Th #r Thr Ala Ala Ala Gly 1105               1110  #               1115   #              1120 Thr Gly Ala Ala Ala Gly Ala Thr Thr Thr Th #r Gly Thr Thr Ala Thr                1125   #              1130    #             1135 Thr Cys Cys Cys Ala Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Th #r Gly Gly Ala Cys Cys            1140       #          1145        #         1150 Gly Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr Gly Thr Thr Thr Th #r Cys Thr Thr Gly Ala        1155           #      1160            #     1165 Gly Cys Gly Cys Cys Ala Cys Ala Cys Ala Th #r Gly Thr Thr Gly Ala    1170               #  1175                # 1180 Thr Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala Thr Ala Cys Cy #s Ala Thr Thr Ala Thr 1185               1190  #               1195   #              1200 Gly Ala Ala Gly Cys Thr Gly Ala Cys Ala Al #a Ala Thr Thr Cys Cys                1205   #              1210    #             1215 Thr Cys Cys Cys Thr Thr Gly Gly Cys Gly Cy #s Thr Gly Gly Cys Ala            1220       #          1225        #         1230 Ala Ala Ala Thr Gly Ala Gly Gly Gly Thr Cy #s Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala        1235           #      1240            #     1245 Ala Cys Gly Thr Thr Gly Gly Ala Gly Gly Al #a Gly Cys Cys Ala Thr    1250               #  1255                # 1260 Gly Thr Thr Ala Thr Ala Thr Gly Cys Cys Al #a Thr Thr Thr Gly Gly 1265               1270  #               1275   #              1280 Ala Ala Gly Ala Gly Gly Thr Gly Gly Cys Al #a Gly Gly Cys Thr Cys                1285   #              1290    #             1295 Thr Gly Thr Cys Cys Ala Gly Gly Ala Cys Th #r Cys Cys Ala Thr Thr            1300       #          1305        #         1310 Thr Gly Gly Cys Ala Ala Gly Ala Thr Thr Th #r Gly Ala Ala Ala Thr        1315           #      1320            #     1325 Thr Gly Cys Thr Cys Thr Cys Thr Thr Thr Cy #s Thr Thr Cys Ala Cys    1330               #  1335                # 1340 Ala Ala Cys Thr Thr Thr Gly Thr Cys Ala Cy #s Thr Ala Ala Ala Thr 1345               1350  #               1355   #              1360 Thr Cys Ala Gly Ala Thr Gly Gly Gly Ala Gl #y Cys Ala Gly Cys Thr                1365   #              1370    #             1375 Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Thr Thr Gly Ala Thr Cy #s Gly Thr Gly Cys Gly            1380       #          1385        #         1390 Ala Cys Thr Thr Ala Cys Thr Thr Thr Cys Cy #s Thr Cys Thr Thr Cys        1395           #      1400            #     1405 Cys Thr Thr Cys Cys Ala Cys Ala Gly Ala Al #a Ala Ala Thr Gly Gly    1410               #  1415                # 1420 Thr Thr Thr Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala Thr Cys Cy #s Gly Thr Cys Thr Cys 1425               1430  #               1435   #              1440 Thr Ala Thr Thr Cys Thr Cys Gly Ala Gly Th #r Ala Cys Ala Cys Gly                1445   #              1450    #             1455 Ala Ala Thr Gly Ala            1460 <210> SEQ ID NO 87 <211> LENGTH: 512 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 87 Met Asp Ala Phe Asn Val Leu Met Gly Pro Le #u Ala Lys Phe Asp Asn   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Phe Met Gln Leu Gly Ser Tyr Ser Glu Asn Le #u Ser Val Thr Ile Thr              20      #             25      #             30 Val Thr Ala Ile Ala Val Ile Thr Leu Leu Le #u Val Leu Ile Arg Ser          35          #         40          #         45 Lys Pro Gln Ser Cys Val Asn Leu Pro Pro Gl #y Lys Leu Gly Tyr Pro      50              #     55              #     60 Phe Ile Gly Glu Thr Leu Gln Leu Leu Gln Al #a Phe Arg Ser Asn Arg  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Pro Gln Gln Phe Phe Asp Glu Arg Gln Lys Ly #s Phe Gly Ser Val Phe                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Lys Thr Ser Leu Ile Gly Asp Arg Thr Val Va #l Leu Cys Gly Pro Ser             100       #           105       #           110 Gly Asn Arg Leu Leu Leu Ser Asn Glu Asn Ly #s Leu Val Glu Ala Ser         115           #       120           #       125 Trp Pro Ser Ser Ser Ile Lys Leu Ile Gly Gl #u Asp Ser Ile Ala Gly     130               #   135               #   140 Lys Asn Gly Glu Lys His Arg Ile Leu Arg Al #a Ala Val Asn Arg Tyr 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Leu Gly Pro Gly Ala Leu Gln Asn Tyr Met Al #a Lys Met Arg Ser Glu                 165   #               170   #               175 Ile Glu His His Met Asn Glu Lys Trp Lys Gl #y Lys Glu Gln Val Lys             180       #           185       #           190 Val Leu Pro Leu Val Lys Glu Asn Val Phe Se #r Ile Ala Thr Ser Leu         195           #       200           #       205 Phe Phe Gly Val Asn Asp Asp Gly Glu Arg Gl #u Arg Leu His Asp Leu     210               #   215               #   220 Leu Glu Thr Ala Leu Ala Gly Val Phe Ser Il #e Pro Leu Asp Phe Pro 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Gly Thr Asn Tyr Arg Lys Ala Leu Glu Ala Ar #g Leu Lys Leu Asp Lys                 245   #               250   #               255 Val Leu Ser Ser Leu Ile Glu Arg Arg Arg Se #r Asp Leu Arg Ser Gly             260       #           265       #           270 Val Ala Ser Gly Asn Glu Asp Leu Leu Ser Va #l Trp Leu Thr Phe Lys         275           #       280           #       285 Asp Glu Glu Gly Asn Pro Leu Thr Asp Lys Gl #u Ile Leu Asp Asn Phe     290               #   295               #   300 Ser Thr Leu Leu His Ala Ser Tyr Asp Thr Th #r Thr Ser Ala Leu Thr 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Leu Thr Leu Lys Leu Met Ser Ser Ser Thr Gl #u Cys Tyr His Lys Val                 325   #               330   #               335 Val Gln Glu Gln Leu Arg Ile Val Ser Asn Ly #s Lys Glu Gly Glu Glu             340       #           345       #           350 Ile Ser Leu Lys Asp Leu Lys Asp Met Lys Ty #r Thr Trp Gln Val Val         355           #       360           #       365 Gln Glu Thr Leu Arg Met Phe Pro Pro Leu Ph #e Gly Ser Phe Arg Lys     370               #   375               #   380 Ala Ile Thr Asp Ile His Tyr Asp Gly Tyr Th #r Ile Pro Lys Gly Trp 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Lys Val Leu Trp Thr Thr Tyr Ser Thr His Gl #y Arg Glu Glu Tyr Phe                 405   #               410   #               415 Asn Glu Pro Glu Lys Phe Met Pro Ser Arg Ph #e Glu Glu Glu Gly Arg             420       #           425       #           430 His Val Ala Pro Tyr Thr Phe Leu Pro Phe Gl #y Ala Gly Val Arg Thr         435           #       440           #       445 Cys Pro Gly Trp Glu Phe Ser Lys Thr Gln Il #e Leu Leu Phe Leu His     450               #   455               #   460 Tyr Phe Val Lys Thr Phe Ser Gly Tyr Ile Pr #o Leu Asp Pro Asp Glu 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Lys Val Leu Gly Asn Pro Val Pro Pro Leu Pr #o Ala Asn Gly Phe Ala                 485   #               490   #               495 Ile Lys Leu Phe Pro Arg Pro Ser Phe Asp Gl #n Gly Ser Pro Met Glu             500       #           505       #           510 <210> SEQ ID NO 88 <211> LENGTH: 485 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 88 Met Asp Ala Leu Lys Gln Leu Glu Val Ser Pr #o Ser Ile Leu Phe Val   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Thr Leu Ala Val Met Ala Gly Ile Ile Leu Ph #e Phe Arg Ser Lys Arg              20      #             25      #             30 His Ser Ser Val Lys Leu Pro Pro Gly Asn Le #u Gly Phe Pro Leu Val          35          #         40          #         45 Gly Glu Thr Leu Gln Phe Val Arg Ser Leu Gl #y Ser Ser Thr Pro Gln      50              #     55              #     60 Gln Phe Ile Glu Glu Arg Met Ser Lys Phe Gl #y Asp Val Phe Lys Thr  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Ser Ile Ile Gly His Pro Thr Val Val Leu Cy #s Gly Pro Ala Gly Asn                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Arg Leu Val Leu Ser Asn Glu Asn Lys Leu Va #l Gln Met Ser Trp Pro             100       #           105       #           110 Ser Ser Met Met Lys Leu Ile Gly Glu Asp Cy #s Leu Gly Gly Lys Thr         115           #       120           #       125 Gly Glu Gln His Arg Ile Val Arg Ala Ala Le #u Thr Arg Phe Leu Gly     130               #   135               #   140 Pro Gln Ala Leu Gln Asn His Phe Ala Lys Me #t Ser Ser Gly Ile Gln 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Arg His Ile Asn Glu Lys Trp Lys Gly Lys As #p Glu Ala Thr Val Leu                 165   #               170   #               175 Pro Leu Val Lys Asp Leu Val Phe Ser Val Al #a Ser Arg Leu Phe Phe             180       #           185       #           190 Gly Ile Thr Glu Glu His Leu Gln Glu Gln Le #u His Asn Leu Leu Glu         195           #       200           #       205 Val Ile Leu Val Gly Ser Phe Ser Val Pro Le #u Asn Ile Pro Gly Phe     210               #   215               #   220 Ser Tyr His Lys Ala Ile Gln Ala Arg Ala Th #r Leu Ala Asp Ile Met 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Thr His Leu Ile Glu Lys Arg Arg Asn Glu Le #u Arg Ala Gly Thr Ala                 245   #               250   #               255 Ser Glu Asn Gln Asp Leu Leu Ser Val Leu Le #u Thr Phe Thr Asp Glu             260       #           265       #           270 Arg Gly Asn Ser Leu Ala Asp Lys Glu Ile Le #u Asp Asn Phe Ser Met         275           #       280           #       285 Leu Leu His Gly Ser Tyr Asp Ser Thr Asn Se #r Pro Leu Thr Met Leu     290               #   295               #   300 Ile Lys Val Leu Ala Ser His Pro Glu Ser Ty #r Glu Lys Val Ala Gln 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Glu Gln Phe Gly Ile Leu Ser Thr Lys Met Gl #u Gly Glu Glu Ile Ala                 325   #               330   #               335 Trp Lys Asp Leu Lys Glu Met Lys Tyr Ser Tr #p Gln Val Val Gln Glu             340       #           345       #           350 Thr Leu Arg Met Tyr Pro Pro Ile Phe Gly Th #r Phe Arg Lys Ala Ile         355           #       360           #       365 Thr Asp Ile His Tyr Asn Gly Tyr Thr Ile Pr #o Lys Gly Trp Lys Leu     370               #   375               #   380 Leu Trp Thr Thr Tyr Ser Thr Gln Thr Lys Gl #u Glu Tyr Phe Lys Asp 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Ala Asp Gln Phe Lys Pro Ser Arg Phe Glu Gl #u Glu Gly Lys His Val                 405   #               410   #               415 Thr Pro Tyr Thr Tyr Leu Pro Phe Gly Gly Gl #y Met Arg Val Cys Pro             420       #           425       #           430 Gly Trp Glu Phe Ala Lys Met Glu Thr Leu Le #u Phe Leu His His Phe         435           #       440           #       445 Val Lys Ala Phe Ser Gly Leu Lys Ala Ile As #p Pro Asn Glu Lys Leu     450               #   455               #   460 Ser Gly Lys Pro Leu Pro Pro Leu Pro Val As #n Gly Leu Pro Ile Lys 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Leu Tyr Ser Arg Ser                 485 <210> SEQ ID NO 89 <211> LENGTH: 493 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 89 Met Asp Ser Phe Thr Phe Val Thr Ile Lys Me #t Gly Lys Ile Trp Gln   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Val Ile Gln Val Glu Tyr Ile Leu Ser Leu Th #r Leu Thr Ala Ile Leu              20      #             25      #             30 Leu Phe Phe Phe Arg Tyr Arg Asn Lys Ser Se #r His Lys Leu Pro Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Gly Asn Leu Gly Phe Pro Phe Ile Gly Glu Th #r Ile Gln Phe Leu Arg      50              #     55              #     60 Ser Leu Arg Ser Gln Thr Pro Glu Phe Phe Ph #e Asp Glu Arg Val Lys  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Lys Phe Gly Pro Val Phe Lys Thr Ser Leu Il #e Gly Ala Pro Thr Val                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Ile Phe Cys Gly Ala Ala Gly Ser Arg Leu Va #l Leu Ser Asn Glu Asp             100       #           105       #           110 Lys Leu Val Gln Met Glu Ser Pro Ser Ser Le #u Lys Lys Leu Met Gly         115           #       120           #       125 Glu Asn Ser Ile Leu Tyr Lys Arg Glu Glu Gl #u His Arg Ile Leu Arg     130               #   135               #   140 Ser Ala Leu Ser Arg Phe Leu Gly Pro Gln Al #a Leu Gln Thr Tyr Ile 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Ala Lys Met Ser Thr Glu Ile Glu Arg His Il #e Asn Glu Lys Trp Lys                 165   #               170   #               175 Gly Lys Glu Glu Val Lys Thr Leu Pro Leu Il #e Arg Gly Leu Val Phe             180       #           185       #           190 Ser Ile Ala Ser Ser Leu Phe Phe Asp Ile As #n Asp Glu Pro Gln Gln         195           #       200           #       205 Glu Arg Leu His His His Leu Glu Ser Leu Va #l Ala Gly Ser Met Ala     210               #   215               #   220 Val Arg Leu Asp Phe Pro Gly Thr Arg Phe Ar #g Lys Ala Val Glu Ala 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Arg Ser Lys Leu Asp Glu Ala Leu His Ser Le #u Ile Lys Ser Arg Arg                 245   #               250   #               255 Ser Asp Leu Leu Ser Gly Lys Ala Ser Ser As #n Gln Asp Leu Leu Ser             260       #           265       #           270 Val Leu Leu Ser Phe Lys Asp Glu Arg Gly As #n Pro Leu Arg Asp Glu         275           #       280           #       285 Glu Ile Leu Asp Asn Phe Ser Leu Ile Leu Hi #s Ala Ser Tyr Asp Thr     290               #   295               #   300 Thr Ile Ser Pro Met Val Leu Thr Leu Lys Le #u Leu Ser Ser Asn Pro 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Glu Cys Tyr Asp Lys Val Val Gln Glu Gln Ph #e Gly Ile Leu Ala Asn                 325   #               330   #               335 Lys Lys Glu Gly Glu Glu Ile Ser Trp Lys As #p Leu Lys Ala Met Lys             340       #           345       #           350 Tyr Thr Trp Gln Val Val Gln Glu Thr Leu Ar #g Met Phe Pro Pro Leu         355           #       360           #       365 Phe Gly Ser Phe Arg Lys Ala Met Val Asp Il #e Asn Tyr Asp Gly Tyr     370               #   375               #   380 Thr Ile Pro Lys Gly Trp Ile Val Leu Trp Th #r Thr Tyr Ser Thr His 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Val Lys Glu Glu Tyr Phe Asn Glu Pro Gly Ly #s Phe Arg Pro Ser Arg                 405   #               410   #               415 Phe Glu His Asp Gly Arg His Val Ala Pro Ty #r Thr Phe Leu Pro Phe             420       #           425       #           430 Gly Gly Gly Leu Arg Thr Cys Pro Gly Trp Gl #u Phe Ser Lys Thr Glu         435           #       440           #       445 Ile Leu Leu Phe Ile His His Phe Val Lys Th #r Phe Gly Ser Tyr Leu     450               #   455               #   460 Pro Val Asp Pro Asn Glu Lys Ile Ser Ala As #p Pro Phe Pro Pro Leu 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Pro Ala Asn Gly Phe Ser Ile Lys Leu Phe Pr #o Arg Ser                 485   #               490 <210> SEQ ID NO 90 <211> LENGTH: 496 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 90 Met Glu Leu Trp Asn Met Phe Leu Pro Trp Il #e Ser Ile Ala Thr Ala   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Thr Ser Leu Thr Val Gly Met Ala Ser Ala Ph #e Ala Ile Ile Tyr Ala              20      #             25      #             30 Pro Leu Leu Leu Ser Phe Leu Arg Leu Lys Th #r Ala Arg Arg Asn Met          35          #         40          #         45 Pro Pro Ile Pro Pro Gly Ser Met Gly Met Pr #o Phe Trp Gly Glu Ser      50              #     55              #     60 Leu Gly Tyr Leu Gly Ser Trp Asn Asn Gln Se #r Asn Pro Asp Val Trp  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Tyr Asp Thr Arg Lys Ala Lys His Gly Lys Il #e Phe Thr Thr His Ile                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Leu Gly Ser Pro Thr Val Val Met Leu Gly Pr #o Asp Ala Asn Arg Phe             100       #           105       #           110 Ile Leu Ile Asn Glu Asn Lys Leu Phe Leu As #n Ser Trp Pro Lys Ser         115           #       120           #       125 Leu Asn Ala Leu Ile Gly Lys His Ala Leu Il #e Thr Ser Gln Gly Ala     130               #   135               #   140 Glu His Lys Arg Met Arg Arg Ile Ile His Se #r Val Leu Gly Pro Arg 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Asn Pro Glu Thr Ser Val Gly Arg Phe Glu Gl #y Leu Val Leu His His                 165   #               170   #               175 Leu Asp Ser Asp Trp His Gly Gly Gln Ile Il #e Gln Ala Tyr Arg Gln             180       #           185       #           190 Val Lys Asp Met Ala Leu Cys Leu Ala Ala As #p Phe Phe Met Gly Leu         195           #       200           #       205 Lys Pro Gly Lys Glu Leu Glu Thr Phe Arg Ar #g His Phe Ser Asp Phe     210               #   215               #   220 Ser Ala Gly Leu Leu Ser His Pro Leu Asp Le #u Pro Trp Thr Val Phe 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Gly Lys Ala Lys Arg Ala Arg Ala Ala Met Va #l Thr Gln Ile Phe Ser                 245   #               250   #               255 Gln Ile Arg Leu His Arg Thr Ser Met His Ly #s Ser Gly Glu Glu Gly             260       #           265       #           270 Gly Asn Phe Leu Asp Met Val Leu Gly Ser Gl #n Glu Lys Gly Gly Asp         275           #       280           #       285 Leu Arg Leu Ser Glu Glu Glu Ile Ala Asp As #n Leu Met Gly Leu Leu     290               #   295               #   300 Thr Gly Gly Gln Asp Thr Thr Ala Ser Ala Le #u Ala Thr Ile Leu Lys 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 His Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro His Leu Leu Gln Ar #g Leu Arg Lys Glu Cys                 325   #               330   #               335 Glu Lys Leu Arg Asp Asn Lys Glu Ala Gly Gl #y Pro Leu Thr Trp Ser             340       #           345       #           350 Glu Ile Lys Ser Val Gly Tyr Leu His Asn Va #l Ile Ser Glu Gly Leu         355           #       360           #       365 Arg Met Val Ala Pro Ile Asn Gly Gly Phe Ly #s Lys Ala Lys Val Asp     370               #   375               #   380 Val Val Tyr Gly Gly Tyr Thr Ile Pro Lys Gl #y Trp Lys Val His Tyr 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Ser Val Arg Gln Thr Asn Asn Lys Glu Glu Ty #r Phe Pro Ser Pro Glu                 405   #               410   #               415 Arg Phe Asp Pro Asp Arg Phe Asn Glu Arg Hi #s Glu Pro Phe Ser Phe             420       #           425       #           430 Ile Pro Phe Gly Gln Gly Asn Arg Met Cys Pr #o Gly Asn Glu Phe Ala         435           #       440           #       445 Arg Leu Glu Met Glu Leu Phe Leu Tyr His Le #u Val Leu Arg Tyr Asp     450               #   455               #   460 Trp Glu Leu Met Glu Ala Asp Glu Arg Thr As #n Met Tyr Phe Ile Pro 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 His Pro Val His Ser Leu Pro Leu Leu Leu Ly #s His Val Pro Pro Thr                 485   #               490   #               495 <210> SEQ ID NO 91 <211> LENGTH: 498 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 91 Met Asp Ala Leu Tyr Lys Ser Thr Val Ala Ly #s Phe Asn Glu Val Thr   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Gln Leu Asp Cys Ser Thr Glu Ser Phe Ser Il #e Ala Leu Ser Ala Ile              20      #             25      #             30 Ala Gly Ile Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu Phe Ar #g Ser Lys Arg His Ser          35          #         40          #         45 Ser Leu Lys Leu Pro Pro Gly Lys Leu Gly Il #e Pro Phe Ile Gly Glu      50              #     55              #     60 Ser Phe Ile Phe Leu Arg Ala Leu Arg Ser As #n Ser Leu Glu Gln Phe  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Phe Asp Glu Arg Val Lys Lys Phe Gly Leu Va #l Phe Lys Thr Ser Leu                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Ile Gly His Pro Thr Val Val Leu Cys Gly Pr #o Ala Gly Asn Arg Leu             100       #           105       #           110 Ile Leu Ser Asn Glu Glu Lys Leu Val Gln Me #t Ser Trp Pro Ala Gln         115           #       120           #       125 Phe Met Lys Leu Met Gly Glu Asn Ser Val Al #a Thr Arg Arg Gly Glu     130               #   135               #   140 Asp His Ile Val Met Arg Ser Ala Leu Ala Gl #y Phe Phe Gly Pro Gly 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Ala Leu Gln Ser Tyr Ile Gly Lys Met Asn Th #r Glu Ile Gln Ser His                 165   #               170   #               175 Ile Asn Glu Lys Trp Lys Gly Lys Asp Glu Va #l Asn Val Leu Pro Leu             180       #           185       #           190 Val Arg Glu Leu Val Phe Asn Ile Ser Ala Il #e Leu Phe Phe Asn Ile         195           #       200           #       205 Tyr Asp Lys Gln Glu Gln Asp Arg Leu His Ly #s Leu Leu Glu Thr Ile     210               #   215               #   220 Leu Val Gly Ser Phe Ala Leu Pro Ile Asp Le #u Pro Gly Phe Gly Phe 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 His Arg Ala Leu Gln Gly Arg Ala Lys Leu As #n Lys Ile Met Leu Ser                 245   #               250   #               255 Leu Ile Lys Lys Arg Lys Glu Asp Cys Ser Le #u Asp Arg Gln Gln Pro             260       #           265       #           270 Arg Arg Ile Cys Ser Leu Phe Cys Ser Leu Se #r Glu Met Thr Lys Gly         275           #       280           #       285 Leu Pro His Pro Met Asp Glu Ile Leu Asp As #n Phe Ser Ser Leu Leu     290               #   295               #   300 His Ala Ser Tyr Asp Thr Thr Thr Ser Pro Me #t Ala Leu Ile Phe Lys 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Leu Leu Ser Ser Asn Pro Glu Cys Tyr Gln Ly #s Val Val Gln Glu Gln                 325   #               330   #               335 Leu Glu Ile Leu Ser Asn Lys Glu Glu Gly Gl #u Glu Ile Thr Trp Lys             340       #           345       #           350 Asp Leu Lys Ala Met Lys Tyr Thr Trp Gln Va #l Ala Gln Glu Thr Leu         355           #       360           #       365 Arg Met Phe Pro Pro Val Phe Gly Thr Phe Ar #g Lys Ala Ile Thr Asp     370               #   375               #   380 Ile Gln Tyr Asp Gly Thr Asn Ser Lys Arg Gl #y Lys Leu Leu Trp Thr 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Thr Tyr Ser Thr His Pro Lys Asp Leu Tyr Ph #e Asn Glu Pro Glu Lys                 405   #               410   #               415 Phe Met Pro Ser Arg Phe Asp Gln Glu Gly Ly #s His Val Ala Pro Tyr             420       #           425       #           430 Thr Phe Leu Pro Phe Gly Gly Gly Gln Arg Se #r Cys Val Gly Trp Glu         435           #       440           #       445 Phe Ser Lys Met Glu Ile Leu Leu Phe Val Hi #s His Phe Val Lys Thr     450               #   455               #   460 Phe Ser Ser Tyr Thr Pro Val Asp Pro Asp Gl #u Lys Ile Ser Gly Asp 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Pro Leu Pro Pro Leu Pro Ser Lys Gly Phe Se #r Ile Lys Leu Phe Pro                 485   #               490   #               495 Arg Pro <210> SEQ ID NO 92 <211> LENGTH: 486 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Taxus cuspidata <400> SEQUENCE: 92 Met Glu Gln Leu Ile Tyr Ser Ile Val Tyr Se #r Asn Trp Tyr Leu Trp   1               5  #                 10  #                 15 Val Leu Gly Leu Phe Ile Cys Val Ile Leu Le #u Leu Leu Arg Arg Ser              20      #             25      #             30 Asn Asp Arg Gln Gly Asn Gly Ser Ala Asn Ly #s Pro Lys Leu Pro Pro          35          #         40          #         45 Gly Ser Ala Gly Leu Pro Phe Ile Gly Glu Th #r Ile Arg Phe Leu Arg      50              #     55              #     60 Asp Ala Lys Ser Pro Gly Arg Arg Lys Phe Ph #e Asp Glu His Glu Leu  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 Arg Tyr Gly Pro Ile Phe Arg Cys Ser Leu Ph #e Gly Arg Thr Arg Ala                  85  #                 90  #                 95 Val Val Ser Val Asp Pro Glu Phe Asn Lys Ty #r Val Leu Gln Asn Glu             100       #           105       #           110 Gly Arg Leu Phe Glu Ser Asn Ala Leu Ala Pr #o Phe Arg Asn Leu Ile         115           #       120           #       125 Gly Lys Tyr Gly Leu Ser Ala Val Gln Gly Gl #u Leu Gln Arg Lys Leu     130               #   135               #   140 His Ala Thr Ala Val Asn Leu Leu Lys His Gl #u Thr Leu Ser Ser Asp 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Phe Met Glu Asp Ile Gln Asp Ile Phe Gln Al #a Gly Met Arg Lys Trp                 165   #               170   #               175 Glu Glu Glu Gly Asp Ile Pro Ile Gln His Ly #s Cys Asn Gln Ile Val             180       #           185       #           190 Leu Asn Leu Met Ala Lys Arg Leu Leu Asp Le #u Pro Pro Ser Glu Glu         195           #       200           #       205 Met Gly His Ile Tyr Lys Ala Phe Asp Asp Ph #e Val Gly Ala Val Leu     210               #   215               #   220 Ser Phe Pro Leu Asn Ile Pro Gly Thr Thr Ty #r Ala Arg Gly Ile Arg 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Ala Arg Gly Ile Leu Leu Lys Arg Ile His Ly #s Cys Ile Lys Glu Arg                 245   #               250   #               255 Arg Glu His Pro Glu Val Leu Arg Asn Asp Le #u Leu Thr Lys Leu Val             260       #           265       #           270 Arg Glu Gly Thr Phe Ser Asp Glu Ile Ile Al #a Asp Thr Ile Ile Phe         275           #       280           #       285 Phe Val Phe Ala Gly Val Glu Thr Ser Ala Me #t Ala Met Thr Phe Ala     290               #   295               #   300 Val Lys Tyr Leu Ala Glu Asn Pro Arg Ala Le #u Glu Glu Leu Arg Ala 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Glu His Asp Ala Leu Leu Lys Ala Lys Gly Ly #s Gly Asn Glu Lys Leu                 325   #               330   #               335 Thr Trp Asn Asp Tyr Gln Ser Met Lys Phe Va #l His Cys Val Ile Asn             340       #           345       #           350 Glu Thr Leu Arg Leu Gly Gly Ala Thr Val Va #l Leu Phe Arg Glu Ala         355           #       360           #       365 Lys Gln Asp Ile Lys Val Lys Asp Phe Val Il #e Pro Lys Gly Trp Thr     370               #   375               #   380 Val Ser Val Phe Leu Ser Ala Thr His Val As #p Gly Lys Tyr His Tyr 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Glu Ala Asp Lys Phe Leu Pro Trp Arg Trp Gl #n Asn Glu Gly Gln Glu                 405   #               410   #               415 Thr Leu Glu Glu Pro Cys Tyr Met Pro Phe Gl #y Arg Gly Gly Arg Leu             420       #           425       #           430 Cys Pro Gly Leu His Leu Ala Arg Phe Glu Il #e Ala Leu Phe Leu His         435           #       440           #       445 Asn Phe Val Thr Lys Phe Arg Trp Glu Gln Le #u Glu Ile Asp Arg Ala     450               #   455               #   460 Thr Tyr Phe Pro Leu Pro Ser Thr Glu Asn Gl #y Phe Pro Ile Arg Leu 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Tyr Ser Arg Val His Glu                 485 <210> SEQ ID NO 93 <211> LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:  PCR primer <400> SEQUENCE: 93 atggccctta agcaattgga agtttc           #                   #              26 <210> SEQ ID NO 94 <211> LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence: PCR Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 94 ttaagatctg gaatagagtt taatgg           #                   #              26 <210> SEQ ID NO 95 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence: PCR Primer <400> SEQUENCE: 95 attaaccctc actaaaccct tcgg           #                   #                24 

We claim:
 1. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a protein comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 64; wherein the protein has taxoid oxygenase activity.
 2. The isolated nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1, comprising a nucleic acid sequence as set forth as SEQ ID NO:
 51. 3. A recombinant nucleic acid molecule, comprising a promoter sequence operably linked to a nucleic acid sequence according to claim
 1. 4. A cell transformed with a recombinant nucleic acid molecule according to claim
 3. 5. An isolated nucleic acid molecule that: (a) hybridizes under hybridization stringency conditions with a nucleic acid probe, the probe comprising a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51; and (b) encodes a protein having taxoid oxygenase activity; wherein the hybridization stringency conditions comprise hybridization in 5×SSC at 65° C. for 16 hours, two first washes in 2×SSC at room temperature for 15 minutes each, and two second washes in 2×SSC at 60° C. for 20 minutes each.
 6. A recombinant nucleic acid molecule, comprising a promoter sequence operably linked to a nucleic acid sequence according to claim
 5. 7. A cell transformed with a recombinant nucleic acid molecule according to claim
 6. 8. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleic acid sequence having at least 95% sequence identity with a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 51; wherein the isolated nucleic acid molecule encodes a protein having taxoid oxygenase activity.
 9. A recombinant nucleic acid molecule, comprising a promoter sequence operably linked to the nucleic acid sequence of claim
 8. 10. A cell transformed with a recombinant nucleic acid molecule according to claim
 9. 11. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1, wherein the encoded amino acid sequence is as set forth in SEQ 1D NO:
 64. 12. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1, wherein the isolated nucleic acid molecule is isolated from a plant of the genus Taxus.
 13. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 8, wherein the protein utilizes at least taxadien-5α-Ol as a substrate.
 14. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 8, wherein the isolated nucleic acid molecule is isolated from a plant of the genus Taxus. 